Socioeconomic risk factors for postpartum depression and postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder
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Keywords

postpartum depression
socioeconomic factors
social factors
economic status
perinatal disorders
maternal depression
childbirth experience
perinatal period
risk factors

Abstract

Introduction. Postpartum depression and postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are
common disorders during perinatal period. They can significantly reduce the quality of life
of the mother and have long-term consequences for her psychological well-being and her
child’s development. This is the first study where socioeconomic characteristics, namely family's
economic status, place of childbirth, and the type of childbirth healthcare plan for childbirth,
are explored in the context of elevated risk for postpartum depression and PTSD in the Russian
sample. Methods. The study included 2,579 women aged 18–43 years who gave birth within
12 months prior to the survey. Depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Scale of Postpartum
Depression and postpartum PTSD was measured using the City Birth Trauma Scale. In addition,
information on demographic and obstetric characteristics was collected. Results. Statistically
significant differences were found in the severity of symptoms of postpartum depression (F = 13.678,
p < 0.001) and postpartum PTSD (F = 10.235, p < 0.001) depending on the economic status of
the mother. There were also significant differences in the severity of symptoms of postpartum
depression (F = 10.780, p < 0.001) and postpartum PTSD (F = 10.410, p < 0.001) depending on the
type of childbirth healthcare plan (childbirth in a specialized maternity care hospital under state
insurance/childbirth in a specialized maternity care hospital with a paid contract and option
for a birth team of choice/home birth). There were no differences in the severity of symptoms
of either postpartum depression or postpartum PTSD depending on the place of childbirth (rural
area, urban settlement, city) (F = 0.021, p = 0.979, F = 0.685, p = 0.504, respectively). Discussion.
The results of this work are consistent with previous studies in Russia and other countries, indicating
the importance of socioeconomic factors in the etiology of postpartum depression and PTSD.
The development of mental health support programs for women with low economic status
during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period may become promising avenues for the
prevention of postpartum depression and PTSD.

https://doi.org/10.21702/rpj.2023.1.12
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PDF (Russian)

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