Аннотация
Введение. В статье представлены результаты исследования психофизиологических коррелят процесса решения вербальных задач на смысл. Новизна исследования заключается в использовании задач на смысл как инструмента моделирования процесса смыслообразования в условиях психофизиологического эксперимента. Авторы предполагают, что характеристики электрической активности мозга могут отражать особенности процесса решения задач, направленных на раскрытие личностного смысла.
Методы. С целью проверки выдвинутой гипотезы использовался метод электроэнцефалографии (ЭЭГ). Регистрация электроэнцефалограммы мозга проводилась в 128 отведениях с использованием многоканального электроэнцефалографа «Нейровизор-136» (производства компании «МКС», Россия). В исследовании приняли участие юноши и девушки в возрасте от 18 до 25 лет, объем выборки составил 52 человека. Участникам эксперимента в интерактивном режиме предъявлялись вербальные задачи, моделирующие ситуацию смысловой инициации, и эмоционально нейтральные логические задания.
Результаты. Установлено, что частотно-пространственные характеристики биоэлектрической активности коры головного мозга во время решения вербальных задач в ситуации смысловой инициации достоверно отличаются от показателей активности во время решения простых мыслительных задач (p < 0,05). Кроме того, отмечаются половые различия частотно-пространственных характеристик ЭЭГ (p < 0,05).
Обсуждение результатов. Повышение функциональной активности фронтальных и центральных областей мозга, а также увеличение высокочастотной ритмики в темпорально-париетально-окципитальной зоне левого полушария могут отражать увеличение когнитивно-аффективной нагрузки во решения задач в ситуации смысловой инициации.
Процесс смыслообразования, по-видимому, реализуется посредством мультимодального синтеза, при участии семантической и образной долговременной памяти.
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Babaeva Yu. D., Berezanskaya N. B., Vasil'ev I. A., Voiskunskii A. E., Kornilova T. V. Meaning theory of thinking. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 14: Psikhologiya – The Moscow University Herald. Series 14: Psychology, 2008, no. 2. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/smyslovaya-teoriya-myshleniya (Accessed 13 February 2018).
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Dikaya L. A., Shivareva S. Yu. Brain organization of functional associations in persons engaged in scientific and literary professional activity during the performance of verbal creative tasks. Severo-Kavkazskii psikhologicheskii vestnik – North-Caucasian Psychological Bulletin, 2011, no. 9/1, pp. 18–21 (in Russian).
Ermakov P. N., Skirtach I. A., Kovsh E. M. Features of frequency-spatial organization of the cerebral cortex among musicians during the creation of improvisation based on stimulus materials with aggressive and peaceful characters. Rossiiskii psikhologicheskii zhurnal – Russian Psychological Journal, 2015, V. 12, no. 4, pp. 127–136 (in Russian). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21702/rpj.2015.4.10
Grossman M., Smith E. E., Koening P. et al. The neural basis for categorization in semantic memory. NeuroImage, 2002, V. 17, pp. 1549–1561.
Jensen O., Kaiser J., Lachaux J.-P. Human gamma frequency oscillations associated with attention and memory. Trends in Neurosciences, 2007, V. 30, Issue 7, pp. 317–324. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2007.05.001
Zaichenko A. A., Kartavenko M. V. Features of rhythmic activity of the brain during the actualization of modal-specific types of memory. Izvestiya YuFU. Tekhnicheskie nauki – Izvestiya SFedU. Engineering Sciences, 2010, no. 10 (111), pp. 167–174 (in Russian).
Reed J. L., Gallagher N. M., Sullivan M., Callicott J. H., Green A. E. Sex differences in verbal working memory performance emerge at very high loads of common neuroimaging tasks. Brain and Cognition, 2017, V. 113, pp. 56–64. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2017.01.001
Golovanova I. V., Balin V. D. Psychophysiological correlates of successful and unsuccessful problem solving and its connection with instructions understanding. Vestnik YuUrGU. Seriya: Psikhologiya – Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Series: Psychology, 2017, no. 4. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/psihofiziologicheskie-korrelyaty-uspeshnogo-i-neuspeshnogo-resheniya-myslitelnyh-zadach-i-ih-svyaz-s-ponimaniem-instruktsiy (Accessed 17 July 2018).
Starchenko M. G. Investigation of neurophysiological support of parameters of verbal creativity-fluency, flexibility, and originality. Message 2: Data of positron emission tomography. Dannye pozitronno-emissionnoi tomografii – International Research Journal, 2018, no. 2 (68), pp. 13–15 (in Russian).
Razumnikova O. M. Frequency-spatial organization of human cerebral cortex activity in convergent and divergent thinking depending on sex: Message 1: EEG power analysis. Fiziologiya cheloveka – Human Physiology, 2004, V. 30, no. 6, pp. 17–27 (in Russian).
Bekhtereva N. P., Dan'ko S. G., Starchenko M. G., Shemyakina N. V. Elektroentsefalograficheskie issledovaniya kreativnogo myshleniya kak kognitivno-spetsificheskogo funktsional'nogo sostoyaniya [Electroencephalographic studies of creative thinking as a cognitive-specific functional state]. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii “Tvorchestvo: vzglyad s raznykh storon” [Proc. the International Conference “Creativity: Views from different angles”]. Moscow–Zvenigorod, 2005, pp. 48–54.
Dikaya L. A., Dikii I. S. Tvorcheskii mozg [Creative brain]. Rostov-on-Don, SFU Publ., 2015. 218 p.
Fink A., Benedek M., Koschutnig К., Papousek I., Weiss E. M., Bagga D., Schöpf V. Modulation of resting-state network connectivity by verbal divergent thinking training. Brain and Cognition, 2018, V. 128, pp. 1–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.10.008
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