Аннотация
Введение. Нарушение некоторых когнитивных функций и общего психического состояния после массированного лечения затрудняет использование при реабилитации общепринятых опросных методов для диагностики неврологического и психологического статуса. В этой связи актуальным методом представляется анализ сновидений, который, согласно современным исследованиям, позволяет выявить на ранних этапах нарушения психологического и соматического состояния пациентов и сделать прогноз об их восстановлении. Теоретическое обоснование. В основе возможности применения анализа сновидения в качестве диагностического метода лежат современные представления о нейрофизиологических и психических механизмах сновидческой активности. Изменения сновидческой активности отмечены разными авторами при неврологических, психических и соматических заболеваниях. Все больше исследователей сходятся во мнении, что сновидения могут быть предвестниками, своеобразной «сигнальной системой» формирующихся соматических, неврологических и психических нарушений. Клинико-диагностический анализ сновидений при невротических нарушениях позволил выявить их особенности как при разных вариантах неврозов, так и на всех стадиях заболевания – от компенсации до декомпенсации. Установлено существование взаимосвязи между образами сновидений и предрасположенностью к тревожным состояниям, депрессии и астении. Обсуждение результатов. Существующие научные исследования позволяют говорить о возможности применения анализа сновидений в качестве ранней диагностики невротических состояний и соматических патологий, клинические симптомы которых еще не проявились симптоматически, но уже появляются в сновидениях. В статье выполнен обзор литературы по современным представлениям о нейрофизиологических и психических механизмах сновидений, указаны возможности применения результатов их анализа в качестве диагностической модели.
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