Abstract
Introduction. The paper presents the study of acceptance of aggression (E. Shostrom), which manifests itself as the recognition of the right of any person to disagree with another point of view, be dissatisfied in any circumstance or fact, as well as manifest negative emotions. The ability to accept aggression is a component of a person’s ability to self-actualization, which helps to prevent the accumulation of negative emotions.
The novelty of the study lies in considering the ability to accept aggression in association with parameters of emotional intelligence.
Methods. These were “EmIn” questionnaire of emotional intelligence by D. V. Lucin and SAT Self-Actualization Test (Russian adaptation of Shostrom’s Personal Orientation Inventory by Yu. E. Aleshina, L. Ya. Gozman, M. V. Zagik, and M. V. Kroz.
The study involved 53 persons aged 21–37 living in the South of Russia (Rostov-on-Don) and working in the field where effectiveness is determined by the efficiency of contacts with people, in sales management.
Results. The managers’ characteristics of emotional intelligence such as “interpersonal understanding” and “intrapersonal understanding” in managers had a positive impact on the effectiveness of management activities. This suggests that a manager’s effectiveness depends on his/her ability to recognize and understand the causes of his/her own emotions, as well as accurate and timely assessment of other people’s emotional state.
Discussion. The ability to accept aggression correlated with emotional intelligence. A high level of the ability to accept aggression corresponds to more prominent indices of the characteristics of emotional intelligence such as modulation of emotion and interpersonal emotional intelligence.
References
Grebenkin E. V. Profilaktika agressii i nasiliya v shkole [Prevention of aggression and violence in school]. Rostov-on-Don, Feniks Publ., 2006, 157 p.
Fomichenko A. S. Problems of managing aggression. Vestnik VEGU, 2010, no. 1, pp. 127–132 (in Russian).
Kurbatova T. N. Self-realization and aggression. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta – Vestnik (Herald) of St. Petersburg University, Series 16, Psychology, Pedagogy, 2011, no. 2, pp. 102–108 (in Russian).
Kovsh E. M., Vorobyeva E. V., Ermakov P. N. An overview of current research on psychogenetic factors of aggressive behavior. Rossiiskii psikhologicheskii zhurnal – Russian Psychological Journal, 2014, V. 11, no. 4, pp. 91–103 (in Russian).
Shostrom E. L. Man, the manipulator: The inner journey from manipulation to actualization. Nashville, TN, Abingdon Publ., 1967 (Russ. ed.: Shostrom E. Chelovek-manipulyator. Vnutrennee puteshestvie ot manipulyatsii k aktualizatsii. Moscow, Aprel'-Press, Psikhoterapiya Publ., 2008. 192 p.).
Shostrom E., Knapp R., Knapp L. Validation of personal orientation dimensions – inventory for dimensions of actualizing. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1976, V. 2, Issue 36, pp. 491–494. DOI: 10.1177/001316447603600234
Vorobyeva E. V. Psikhogenetika [Psychogenetics]. Rostov-on-Don, Southern Federal University Publ., 2014. 283 p.
Sergienko E. A. A model of the mental as a new research paradigm in cognitive psychology. Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta – Scientific Notes of the Kazan University: Humanities, 2015, V. 157, no. 4, pp. 265–279.
Olson S. L., Lopez-Duran N., Lunkenheimer E. S., Chang H., Sameroff A. J. Individual differences in the development of early peer aggression: Integrating contributions of self-regulation, theory of mind, and parenting. Development and Psychopathology, 2011, V. 23, Issue 1, pp. 253–266. DOI: 10.1017/S0954579410000775
Longobardi E., Spataro P., Rossi-Arnaud C. Relations between theory of mind, mental state language and social adjustment in primary-school children. European journal of developmental psychology, 2016, V. 4, Issue 13, pp. 424–438. DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2015.1093930
Ermakov P. N., Vorobyeva E. V., Kaidanovskaya I. A., Strel'nikova E. O. A model of the mental and the development of thinking in preschool children. Eksperimental'naya psikhologiya – Experimental Psychology, 2016, V. 9, no. 3, pp. 72–80 (in Russian).
Lyusin D. V. A new technique for measuring emotional intelligence: EmIn questionnaire. Psikhologicheskaya diagnostika – Psychological Diagnostics, 2006, no. 4, pp. 3–22 (in Russian).
Lyusin D. V. Modern representations about emotional intelligence. In: Sotsial'nyi intellect: Teoriya, izmerenie, issledovaniya [Social intelligence: Theory, measurement, research]. Moscow, Institute of Psychology, RAS Publ., 2004, pp. 29–36.
Lekaviciene R., Antiniene D. EI-DARL emotional intelligence test. Voprosy psikhologii – Approaches to Psychology, 2015, no. 1, pp. 133–146 (in Russian).
Caruso D. R., Salovey P. The Emotionally intelligent manager: How to develop and use the four key emotional skills of leadership. San Francisco, Josses-Bass Publ., 2004. 296 p.
Roberts R. D., Matthews D., Zeidner M., Lyusin D. V. Emotional intelligence: theory, assessment, and application in practice. Psikhologiya. Zhurnal Vysshei shkoly ekonomiki – Psychology. Journal of Higher school of Economics, 2004, V. 1, no. 4, pp. 3–26 (in Russian).
Blanco E., García L. F., Aluja A. The location of the Trait Emotional Intelligence in the Zuckerman’s Personality Model space and the role of General Intelligence and social status. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 2016, V. 5, Issue 57, pp. 453-463. DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12307
Petrovskaya A. S. Emotsional'nyi intellekt kak determinanta rezul'tativnykh parametrov i protsessual'nykh kharakteristik upravlencheskoi deyatel'nosti [Emotional intelligence as a determinant of effective parameters and procedural characteristics of management activities]. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Psych.). Yaroslavl, 2007.
Egorov I. A. Vliyanie urovnya emotsional'nogo intellekta rukovoditelei organizatsii na vypolnenie upravlencheskikh funktsii [The influence of the level of managers’ emotional intelligence on administrative functions]. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Psych.). Moscow, 2006. 119 p.
Vorobyeva E. V., Perkov M. A. Vzaimosvyaz' kharakteristik emotsional'nogo intellekta i effektivnosti upravlencheskoi deyatel'nosti v sfere prodazh [The association between characteristics of emotional intelligence and the effectiveness of management activities in the field of sales]. Materialy Vserossiiskoi nauchnoi konferentsii “Psikhologiya sposobnostei: sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy issledovanii” [Proc. the All-Russian Scientific Conference “Psychology of abilities: current state and research perspectives”]. Moscow, Institute of Psychology, RAS Publ., 25–26 September, 2015, pp. 7–59.
Altindag E., Kosedagi Y. The Relationship between emotional intelligence of managers, innovative corporate culture and employee performance. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2015, V. 210, pp. 270–282. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.367
Aleshina Yu. E., Gozman L. Ya., Dubovskaya E. M. Sotsial'no-psikhologicheskie metody issledovaniya supruzheskikh otnoshenii [Socio-psychological methods of studying marital relations]. Moscow, MSU Publ., 1987. 120 p.
Bilichenko E. N. Samoaktualizatsiya lichnosti: svyaz' samootnosheniya i agressivnosti u devushek-studentok [Personal self-actualization: the association between self-relation and aggression in female students]. Sbornik materialov yubileinoi konferentsii “Ot istokov k sovremennosti: 130 let organizatsii psikhologicheskogo obshchestva pri Moskovskom universitete” [Proc. the Anniversary Conference “From the origins to the present: 130 years since the foundation of the psychological society at Moscow University”]. Moscow, Kogito-Tsentr Publ., 2015, pp. 118–120.
Ivtzan I., Gardner H. E., Bernard I., Sekhon M., Hart R. Wellbeing through self-fulfilment: examining developmental aspects of self-actualization. Humanistic Psychologist, 2013, V. 41, Issue 2, pp. 119–132. DOI: 10.1080/08873267.2012.712076
Lounsbury J., Foster N., Levy J. J., Gibson L. Key personality traits of sales managers. Work: A Journal of Prevention Assessment & Rehabilitation, 2014, V. 2, Issue 48, pp. 239–253. DOI: 10.3233/WOR-131615
Vorobyeva E. V., Kryuchkova A. S., Kovsh E. M., Abakumova I. V., Ermakov P. N. Psikhogenetika agressivnogo i vrazhdebnogo povedeniya [Psychogenetics of aggressive and hostile behavior]. Rostov-on-Don, Southern Federal University Publ., 2016. 102 p.
Pisner D. A., Smith R., Alkozei A., Klimova A., Killgore W. D. S. Highways of the emotional intellect: white matter microstructural correlates of an ability-based measure of emotional intelligence. Social Neuroscience, 2017, V. 3, Issue 12, pp. 253–267. DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2016.1176600
Solovykh O. V. Theoretical aspects of personal self-actualization. Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta – Vestnik of the Orenburg State University, 2011, no. 6 (125), pp. 25–31.
Mikhitar'yants A. A. Psikhologicheskie osobennosti razvitiya samoaktualizatsii lichnosti menedzherov na etape vuzovskoi podgotovki [Psychological characteristics of managers’ self-actualization while studying at university]. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Psych.). Pyatigorsk, 2012. 207 p.
Vsemirnova Yu. V. Motivational features of sales managers with various degrees of professional success. Vestnik Yuzhno-Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta – Bulletin of the South Ural State University: Psychology, 2012, no. 6 (265), pp. 90–95.
Fomichenko A. S. Problems of managing aggression. Vestnik VEGU, 2010, no. 1, pp. 127–132 (in Russian).
Kurbatova T. N. Self-realization and aggression. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta – Vestnik (Herald) of St. Petersburg University, Series 16, Psychology, Pedagogy, 2011, no. 2, pp. 102–108 (in Russian).
Kovsh E. M., Vorobyeva E. V., Ermakov P. N. An overview of current research on psychogenetic factors of aggressive behavior. Rossiiskii psikhologicheskii zhurnal – Russian Psychological Journal, 2014, V. 11, no. 4, pp. 91–103 (in Russian).
Shostrom E. L. Man, the manipulator: The inner journey from manipulation to actualization. Nashville, TN, Abingdon Publ., 1967 (Russ. ed.: Shostrom E. Chelovek-manipulyator. Vnutrennee puteshestvie ot manipulyatsii k aktualizatsii. Moscow, Aprel'-Press, Psikhoterapiya Publ., 2008. 192 p.).
Shostrom E., Knapp R., Knapp L. Validation of personal orientation dimensions – inventory for dimensions of actualizing. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1976, V. 2, Issue 36, pp. 491–494. DOI: 10.1177/001316447603600234
Vorobyeva E. V. Psikhogenetika [Psychogenetics]. Rostov-on-Don, Southern Federal University Publ., 2014. 283 p.
Sergienko E. A. A model of the mental as a new research paradigm in cognitive psychology. Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta – Scientific Notes of the Kazan University: Humanities, 2015, V. 157, no. 4, pp. 265–279.
Olson S. L., Lopez-Duran N., Lunkenheimer E. S., Chang H., Sameroff A. J. Individual differences in the development of early peer aggression: Integrating contributions of self-regulation, theory of mind, and parenting. Development and Psychopathology, 2011, V. 23, Issue 1, pp. 253–266. DOI: 10.1017/S0954579410000775
Longobardi E., Spataro P., Rossi-Arnaud C. Relations between theory of mind, mental state language and social adjustment in primary-school children. European journal of developmental psychology, 2016, V. 4, Issue 13, pp. 424–438. DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2015.1093930
Ermakov P. N., Vorobyeva E. V., Kaidanovskaya I. A., Strel'nikova E. O. A model of the mental and the development of thinking in preschool children. Eksperimental'naya psikhologiya – Experimental Psychology, 2016, V. 9, no. 3, pp. 72–80 (in Russian).
Lyusin D. V. A new technique for measuring emotional intelligence: EmIn questionnaire. Psikhologicheskaya diagnostika – Psychological Diagnostics, 2006, no. 4, pp. 3–22 (in Russian).
Lyusin D. V. Modern representations about emotional intelligence. In: Sotsial'nyi intellect: Teoriya, izmerenie, issledovaniya [Social intelligence: Theory, measurement, research]. Moscow, Institute of Psychology, RAS Publ., 2004, pp. 29–36.
Lekaviciene R., Antiniene D. EI-DARL emotional intelligence test. Voprosy psikhologii – Approaches to Psychology, 2015, no. 1, pp. 133–146 (in Russian).
Caruso D. R., Salovey P. The Emotionally intelligent manager: How to develop and use the four key emotional skills of leadership. San Francisco, Josses-Bass Publ., 2004. 296 p.
Roberts R. D., Matthews D., Zeidner M., Lyusin D. V. Emotional intelligence: theory, assessment, and application in practice. Psikhologiya. Zhurnal Vysshei shkoly ekonomiki – Psychology. Journal of Higher school of Economics, 2004, V. 1, no. 4, pp. 3–26 (in Russian).
Blanco E., García L. F., Aluja A. The location of the Trait Emotional Intelligence in the Zuckerman’s Personality Model space and the role of General Intelligence and social status. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 2016, V. 5, Issue 57, pp. 453-463. DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12307
Petrovskaya A. S. Emotsional'nyi intellekt kak determinanta rezul'tativnykh parametrov i protsessual'nykh kharakteristik upravlencheskoi deyatel'nosti [Emotional intelligence as a determinant of effective parameters and procedural characteristics of management activities]. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Psych.). Yaroslavl, 2007.
Egorov I. A. Vliyanie urovnya emotsional'nogo intellekta rukovoditelei organizatsii na vypolnenie upravlencheskikh funktsii [The influence of the level of managers’ emotional intelligence on administrative functions]. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Psych.). Moscow, 2006. 119 p.
Vorobyeva E. V., Perkov M. A. Vzaimosvyaz' kharakteristik emotsional'nogo intellekta i effektivnosti upravlencheskoi deyatel'nosti v sfere prodazh [The association between characteristics of emotional intelligence and the effectiveness of management activities in the field of sales]. Materialy Vserossiiskoi nauchnoi konferentsii “Psikhologiya sposobnostei: sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy issledovanii” [Proc. the All-Russian Scientific Conference “Psychology of abilities: current state and research perspectives”]. Moscow, Institute of Psychology, RAS Publ., 25–26 September, 2015, pp. 7–59.
Altindag E., Kosedagi Y. The Relationship between emotional intelligence of managers, innovative corporate culture and employee performance. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2015, V. 210, pp. 270–282. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.367
Aleshina Yu. E., Gozman L. Ya., Dubovskaya E. M. Sotsial'no-psikhologicheskie metody issledovaniya supruzheskikh otnoshenii [Socio-psychological methods of studying marital relations]. Moscow, MSU Publ., 1987. 120 p.
Bilichenko E. N. Samoaktualizatsiya lichnosti: svyaz' samootnosheniya i agressivnosti u devushek-studentok [Personal self-actualization: the association between self-relation and aggression in female students]. Sbornik materialov yubileinoi konferentsii “Ot istokov k sovremennosti: 130 let organizatsii psikhologicheskogo obshchestva pri Moskovskom universitete” [Proc. the Anniversary Conference “From the origins to the present: 130 years since the foundation of the psychological society at Moscow University”]. Moscow, Kogito-Tsentr Publ., 2015, pp. 118–120.
Ivtzan I., Gardner H. E., Bernard I., Sekhon M., Hart R. Wellbeing through self-fulfilment: examining developmental aspects of self-actualization. Humanistic Psychologist, 2013, V. 41, Issue 2, pp. 119–132. DOI: 10.1080/08873267.2012.712076
Lounsbury J., Foster N., Levy J. J., Gibson L. Key personality traits of sales managers. Work: A Journal of Prevention Assessment & Rehabilitation, 2014, V. 2, Issue 48, pp. 239–253. DOI: 10.3233/WOR-131615
Vorobyeva E. V., Kryuchkova A. S., Kovsh E. M., Abakumova I. V., Ermakov P. N. Psikhogenetika agressivnogo i vrazhdebnogo povedeniya [Psychogenetics of aggressive and hostile behavior]. Rostov-on-Don, Southern Federal University Publ., 2016. 102 p.
Pisner D. A., Smith R., Alkozei A., Klimova A., Killgore W. D. S. Highways of the emotional intellect: white matter microstructural correlates of an ability-based measure of emotional intelligence. Social Neuroscience, 2017, V. 3, Issue 12, pp. 253–267. DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2016.1176600
Solovykh O. V. Theoretical aspects of personal self-actualization. Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta – Vestnik of the Orenburg State University, 2011, no. 6 (125), pp. 25–31.
Mikhitar'yants A. A. Psikhologicheskie osobennosti razvitiya samoaktualizatsii lichnosti menedzherov na etape vuzovskoi podgotovki [Psychological characteristics of managers’ self-actualization while studying at university]. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Psych.). Pyatigorsk, 2012. 207 p.
Vsemirnova Yu. V. Motivational features of sales managers with various degrees of professional success. Vestnik Yuzhno-Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta – Bulletin of the South Ural State University: Psychology, 2012, no. 6 (265), pp. 90–95.