Abstract
Introduction. Color is an important factor influencing success in scene recognition memory. It has been experimentally proven that the mechanisms for color participation in the perception of natural and anthropogenic landscapes are fundamentally different. We continued to study the impact of color on visual memory and provide the first experimental evidence for the role of color in memorizing scenes containing natural and anthropogenic components (cultural landscapes). Methods. The study sample comprised 154 subjects (45 males) aged 18-66 years (mean age = 24.88, SD = 9.28). A continuous recognition task was used to simulate the process of how people see and recognize images in the real world. First (at the encoding step), participants were shown a sequence of 36 color and black-and-white photographs of various types of cultural landscapes on a computer monitor. Experimental stimuli followed each other in a random order with an exposure of 64, 128, 300, or 2000 ms; the interval between presentations was 7000 ms. Then (at the recognition step) the same 36 photographs were presented with the equal number of duplicate stimuli. Half of the stimuli were the same as in the memorization stage; for the second half, the color conditions were changed. Participants had to determine the images that had already been shown in the first stage of the experiment and those they had seen for the first time. Results. Color plays an important role in the encoding phase in designed and naturally evolved landscapes. On the contrary, in associative landscapes color is important in the recognition phase as a part of the representation of complex images in episodic memory. Discussion. The results showed that the patterns of recognition of cultural landscapes differed from the reception of both natural and anthropogenic landscapes and were related to the degree of cultural development of the original natural environment.
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