Аннотация
Введение. Толерантность, как основа личности, выстраивающей конструктивные взаимоотношения с другими людьми, в современных условиях сопряжена с развитием гражданского общества, политическими и общественными событиями. Поэтому большое внимание воспитанию толерантности уделяется в образовательных учреждениях. Работ, направленных на изучение значимости ее формирования в семье, играющей решающую роль в развитии различных личностных черт ребенка, практически нет. В статье впервые проанализированы за длительный период времени установки формирования толерантности в семье у респондентов различных групп. Методы. Объект исследования: толерантность как психологический феномен. В исследовании использовалась база данных Всемирного обзора ценностей (WVS) с участием России с конца XX в. до 2017 г. Общая выборка насчитывала 10344 человека. Для обработки данных применялись статистические методы: корреляционный анализ, критерий Краскала – Уоллиса, критерий Коновера, метод доверительных интервалов, логистическая регрессия. Все расчеты выполнялись с помощью языка программирования «R» на интерфейсе программы «RStudio». Результаты. Установлена тенденция к снижению количества респондентов, считающих толерантность важнейшим качеством, формируемым в семье. Выявлены различия в группах респондентов с разными установками на воспитание толерантности. Для лиц старшего возраста, имеющих высшее образование, ее формирование более значимо. В 2017 г. уровень образования и социального класса у лиц, считающих так, снижается. Обсуждение результатов. Толерантность – одно из важнейших качеств, формируемых в семье, однако число считающих так респондентов со временем уменьшается. Обнаружена тенденция повышения значимости формирования толерантности в семье в зависимости от более старшего возраста, уровня образования и социального класса респондентов.
Библиографические ссылки
Akbarzadeh, S., & Roose, J. M. (2011). Muslims, multiculturalism and the question of the silent majority. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 31(3), 309–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2011.599540
Albanesi, C., Guarino, A., Zani, B., Cicognani, E., & Tzankova, I. (2019). Civic engagement in a changing world: Does it contribute to the development of global citizenship? Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 26, 495–511. https://doi.org/10.4473/TPM26.4.1
Antsiferova, N. G. (2007). Ethnic tolerance in modern Russian society: State and development trends (Candidate dissertation). Russian Academy of State Service under the President of the Russian Federation. (in Russ.).
Artemov, G. P., & Pinkevich, A. G. (2020). Sociocultural factors of reducing intergroup tension. Bulletin of St. Petersburg State University, Philosophy and Conflictology, 36(3), 528–538. (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2020.309
Asmolov, A. G. (1998). Tolerance: Various paradigms of analysis. Tolerance in the public consciousness of Russia. Tsentr obshchechelovecheskikh tsennostei. (in Russ.).
Asmolov, A. G., Soldatova, L. A., & Shaigerova, G. U. (2001). On the meanings of the concept of “tolerance”. The age of tolerance. Scientific and Journalistic Bulletin, 1–2, 8–19. (in Russ.).
Avanesian, G., Dikaya, L., Bermous, A., Kochkin, S., Kirik, V., Egorova, V., & Abkadyrova, I. (2021). Bullying in the Russian secondary school: Predictive analysis of victimization. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.644653
Beregovaya, N. Yu., & Karlova, O. A. (2020). Ideological phantoms of civilisation and culture: Identity and tolerance. Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities and Social Sciences, 13(7), 1090–1098. https://doi.org/10.17516/1997-1370-0533
Carvacho, H., Zick, A., Haye, A., González, R., Manzi, J., Kocik, C., & Bertl, M. (2013). On the relation between social class and prejudice: The roles of education, income and ideological attitudes. European Journal of Social Psychology, 43(4), 272–285. https://doi.org/10.1002/EJSP.1961
Cvetkovska, S., Verkuyten, M., & Adelman, L. (2020). Being tolerated and minority well-being: The role of group identifications. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 74, 161–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2019.10.010
Dainova, G. Z., Levina, I. R., & Petrova, A. I. (2018). Tolerance. Modern Pedagogical Education, 5, 13–16. (in Russ.).
Demidova, O. A. (2021). Attitude to immigrants in Russia: Regional aspect. Spatial Economics, 17(3), 133–155. (in Russ.).
Dontsov, A. I., Zelenev, I. A., & Prokhoda, V. A. (2019). Macrosocial dynamics and ethnic tolerance/intolerance in modern Europe and Russia. Voprosy psikhologii, 3, 75–93. (in Russ.).
Edwards, S. (2018). Critical reflections on the interfaith movement: A social justice perspective. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 11(2), 164–181. https://doi.org/10.1037/dhe0000053
Eskelinen, V., Renvik, T. A., Pauha, T., Jetten, J., Kunst, J., van der Noll, J., Rohmann, A., & Jasinskaja-Lahti, I. (2022). Disentangling national and religious identification as predictors of support for religious minority rights among Christian majority groups. British Journal of Social Psychology, 61(2), 550–568. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12496
Fischer-Preßler, D., Schwemmer, C., & Fischbach, K. (2019). Collective sense-making in times of crisis: Connecting terror management theory with Twitter user reactions to the Berlin terrorist attack. Computers in Human Behavior, 100, 138–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.05.012
Husain, S. C. (2020). Muslim community organizations’ perceptions of islamophobia: Towards an informed countering response. Religions, 11(10), 485. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11100485
Ivanov, R. V. (2018). Tolerance, patriotism and social inequality. Sociology, 4, 20–22. (in Russ.).
Kustova, A. V., Merkulov, P. A., & Arabadzhiiski, N. Z. (2018). Social tolerance: Russian and foreign experience. Central Russian Bulletin of Social Sciences, 13(1), 79–93. https://doi.org/10.22394/2071-2367-2018-13-1-79-93 (in Russ.).
Kyere, E., Joseph, A., & Wei, K. (2020). Alternative to zero-tolerance policies and out-of-school suspensions: A multitiered centered perspective. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 29(5), 421–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313204.2018.1528914
Mansouri, F., & Vergani, M. (2018). Intercultural contact, knowledge of Islam, and prejudice against muslims in Australia. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 66, 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2018.07.001
Medushevsky, N. A., & Gordeeva, M. A. (2017). Social tolerance in the works of Russian researchers. Power, 25(7), 154–161. (in Russ.).
Merkulov, P. A., Prokazina, N. V., & Isaev, A. V. (2017). Interethnic tolerance of the youth of the Russian province in the conditions of intensification of migration flows. Society and Power, 2, 28–33. (in Russ.).
Miklikowska, M., Bohman, A., & Titzmann, P. F. (2019). Driven by context? The interrelated effects of parents, peers, classrooms on development of prejudice among Swedish majority adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 55(11), 2451–2463. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000809
Monusova, G. A. (2021). Russians’ attitudes towards migrants: Opinions and doubts. Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes Journal, 6, 436–458. https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2021.6.2139 (in Russ.).
Muftakhova, F. S., & Gilyazeva, A. M. (2019). On the prevention of extremism among young people. Archivarius, 11(44), 42–45. (in Russ.).
Mukomel, V. I. (2017). Xenophobes and their antipodes: Who are they? The World of Russia. Sociology. Ethnology, 26(1), 32–57. (in Russ.).
Odenweller, K. G., & Harris, T. M. (2018). Intergroup socialization: The influence of parents’ family communication patterns on adult children’s racial prejudice and tolerance. Communication Quarterly, 66(5), 501–521. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2018.1452766
Pettigrew, T. F., Tropp, L. R., Wagner, U., & Christ, O. (2011). Recent advances in intergroup contact theory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(3), 271–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.03.001
Prokhoda, V. A. (2021). Attitudes towards migrants and strategies of intercultural interaction in Russia and other European countries. Bulletin of Tomsk State University. Philosophy. Sociology. Political Science, 60, 151–163. (in Russ.).
Ruban, L. S. (2017). Longitude studies of the patriotic mood of school youth in polyethnic regions (results of sociological surveys). RUDN Journal of Sociology, 17(2), 235–252. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2017-17-2-235-252 (in Russ.).
Ryumshina, L. I. (2014). Humanization of education: From traditional to humanistic oriented school. In International multidisciplinary scientific conferences on social sciences and arts SGEM. Conference Proceedings (Vol. 3, pp. 369–374). https://doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial12014B11
Ryumshina, L., Belousova, A., Berdyanskaya, Y., & Altan-Avdar, I. (2022). Symmetrical and asymmetrical approaches to communication in education in distance learning. In A. Beskopylny, M. Shamtsyan (Eds.), XIV International scientific conference “INTERAGROMASH 2021”. Lecture notes in networks and systems (Vol. 247, pp. 471–481). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80946-1_45
Sandoval-Hernández, A., Miranda, D., & Isac, M. M. (2018). How do we assess civic attitudes toward equal rights? Data and methodology. In A. Sandoval-Hernández, M. M. Isac, & D. Miranda (Eds.), Teaching tolerance in a globalized world (Vol. 4, 11–17). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78692-6_2
Shcherbak, A. N., & Tryapkin, N. S. (2019). Dynamics of attitudes towards migrants in Russia and Eastern Europe in 2010–2016: According to cross-country surveys. Bulletin of Perm University. Political Science, 13(4), 67–80. (in Russ.).
Shestakova, T., Shestakova, A., Belova, E., Zinchenko, E., & Fokin, N. (2022). Educational leaders training in the context of digitalization. In A. Manakov, A. Edigarian (Eds.), International scientific Siberian transport forum TransSiberia – 2021. TransSiberia 2021. Lecture notes in networks and systems (Vol. 403). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96383-5_120
Shrira, I., Wisman, A., & Noguchi, K. (2018). Diversity of historical ancestry and personality traits across 56 cultures. Personality and Individual Differences, 128, 44–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.02.013
Simon, B., Eschert, S., Schaefer, C. D., Reininger, K. M., Zitzmann, S., & Smith, H. J. (2019). Disapproved, but tolerated: The role of respect in outgroup tolerance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 45(3), 406–415. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672187878
Smolyaninova, O. G., Korshunova, V. V., & Daineko, Ya. M. (2017). Diagnostics of multicultural competence of future teachers. Education and Science, 19(4), 84–117. https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2017-4-84-117 (in Russ.).
Sobkin, V. S., & Halutina, Yu. A. (2017). Value-target attitudes of parents for the upbringing of older preschool children and their relationship with parenting styles. Modern Preschool Education: Theory and Practice, 7, 4–16. (in Russ.).
Tenenbaum, H. R, Capelos, T., Lorimer, J., & Stocks, T. (2018). Positive thinking elevates tolerance: Experimental effects of happiness on adolescents’ attitudes toward asylum seekers, 23(2), 346–357. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104518755217
van der Werf, F., Verkuiten, M., Martinovic, B., & Tseung-Wong, C. Ng. (2022). Understandings of national identity and outgroup attitudes in culturally diverse Mauritius. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 78, 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2019.10.004
Vedder, P., Wenink, E., & van Geel, M. (2016). Explaining negative outgroup attitudes between native Dutch and Muslim youth in The Netherlands using the Integrated Threat Theory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 53, 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2016.05.001
Verkuyten, M., & Killen, M. (2021). Tolerance, dissenting beliefs, and cultural diversity. Child Development Perspectives, 15(1), 51–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12399
Walters, G. D. (2020). Viewing the cycle of violence through a gendered pathways lens: Perceived parental tolerance of violence, peer influence, and child aggressive behavior. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 35(11–12), 2189–2209. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517702493
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution» («Атрибуция») 4.0 Всемирная.
Copyright (c) 2022 Рюмшина Л. И., Зинченко Е. В., Чернова А. А., Бердянская Ю. В., Батычко О. В.