Аннотация
Введение. Целью обзорной статьи стало изучение используемых в психокоррекционной практике компьютерных программ, направленных на восстановление когнитивных функций у пациентов кардиологического профиля. В настоящее время наблюдается высокая распространенность нарушений когнитивной сферы среди лиц пожилого возраста в российской популяции. В том числе снижение когнитивного функционирования в силу влияния заболевания возникает у пациентов кардиологического профиля, что приводит к проблемам социальной адаптации и снижает их качество жизни. В связи с этим требуется изучение существующих компьютерных программ когнитивной реабилитации для пациентов кардиологического профиля. Теоретическое обоснование. По результатам теоретического обзора представлены основные критерии выбора программ когнитивной реабилитации при работе с пациентами, страдающими кардиологическими заболеваниями, а также особенности восстановления когнитивных функций. На основании анализа российских и зарубежных исследований обозначен ряд рекомендаций и ограничений по применению программ когнитивной реабилитации. Результаты и их обсуждение. По результатам анализа ряда исследований дано описание структуры нарушений когнитивной сферы у пациентов кардиологического профиля. Выделены параметры нарушений когнитивной сферы при кардиологических заболеваниях. Представлено описание нарушений управляющих (лобных) функций: выбора цели, устойчивости внимания, переключаемости. Среди актуальных в настоящее время платформ, используемых для восстановления когнитивных функций, были выделены следующие: Constant Therapy, Cognifit, Brain+, My Aphasia Coach, Lingraphica, Prologue2go, Tactus therapy, Soch Genie, Lumosity, Neuro Nation, Memorado, Wikium, Brain Apps, B-trainika. По результатам исследования указано, что при выборе коррекционной компьютерной программы необходимо учитывать наличие гибкой системы настроек и модульной архитектуры, а также возможности изменения настроек сложности под степень когнитивных нарушений пациента. Заключение. Данная информация может быть полезна врачам, медицинским психологам, дефектологам, программистам при выборе или разработке программ по восстановлению нарушенных когнитивных функций у пациентов кардиологического профиля.
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