Abstract
Introduction. This paper deals with the issues of personal values in relation to the late periods of personal ontogenesis. Self-actualization is a criterion for retirees’ adaptive readiness for new conditions of life related to changes in social status. The characteristics of retirees’ self-actualization should be considered in the context of the subjective approach. An empirical analysis of the value and meaning characteristics in military retirees tests the hypothesis of their dependence on the level of retirees’ self-actualization.
Methods. This study employed the Schwartz Value Survey and the Short Index of Self-actualization. The sample comprised 130 individual participants. The design of this study involved the experimental (n = 65 military retirees) and the control (n = 65 civil retirees) groups.
Results and Discussion. The author compared the characteristics of value and meaning sphere in military and civil retirees. Conformity, traditions, and security are value priorities of military retirees. A significant differentiation of individual value choices was observed in the group of civil retirees. The control and experimental subjects demonstrated statistically significant differences in the following value choices: power, achievement, stimulation, universalism, benevolence, traditions, and conformity.
Independence is a value priority for both military and civil retirees with a high level of self-actualization. Power and stimulation are value priorities for retirees with a low level of self-actualization.
References
Antsyferova, L. I. (2006). Personality development and the issues of gerontopsychology (2nd ed.). Moscow: Institute of Psychology, RAS. (in Russ.).
Arendachuk, I. V. (2013). Personal adaptive readiness for educational and professional activities: A systemic diachronic approach. Modern Research of Social Problems (electronic scientific journal), 10(30). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2218-7405-2013-10-27 (in Russ.).
Bilsky, W., & Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Values and personality. European Journal of Personality, 8(3), 163–181. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410080303
Borg, I., Hertel, G., & Hermann, D. (2017). Age and personal values: Similar value circles with shifting priorities. Psychology and Aging, 32(7), 636–641. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pag0000196
Elishev, S. O. (2010). Theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of the concepts of ‘value’ and ‘value orientations’. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 18. Sotsiologiya i politologiya (Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science), 3, 74–90. (in Russ.).
Ermolaeva, M. (2002). The practical psychology of old age. Moscow: EKSMO-Press. (in Russ.).
Grigor'eva, M. V. (2014). Concept apparatus in psychology of personal adaptation. Izvestiya Saratovskogo un-ta. Novaya seriya. Seriya Akmeologiya obrazovaniya. Psikhologiya razvitiya (Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Educational Acmeology. Developmental Psychology), 3(3), 259–262. (in Russ.).
Halfina, R. R. (2018). Retirement as a psychological problem. In M. V. Nukhova et al. (Eds.), Man in the context of social changes: A collection of scientific articles of the international theoretical and practical conference (pp. 133–136). Ufa: Bashkir State Pedagogical University. (in Russ.).
Halina, N. V. (2009). Value orientations of the elderly and their ideas about value orientations of significant others. Izvestiya Rossiiskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. A. I. Gertsena (Izvestia: Herzen University Journal of Humanities & Sciences), 102, 408–411. (in Russ.).
Hjelle, L., & Ziegler, D. (2003). Personality theories (3rd ed.). St. Petersburg: Piter. (in Russ.).
Jones, A., & Crandall, R. (1986). Validation of a short index of self-actualization. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 12(1), 63–73. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167286121007
Jones, C., Peskin, H., Wandeler, C., & Woods, D. (2019). Culturally gendered personality traits across the adult lifespan: Longitudinal findings from two cohorts of the intergenerational studies. Psychology and Aging, 34(8), 1124–1133. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pag0000383
Juang, C., Knight, B. G., Carlson, M., Schepens Niemiec, S. L., Vigen, C., & Clark, F. (2018). Understanding the mechanisms of change in a lifestyle intervention for older adults. The Gerontologist, 58(2), 353–361. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnw152
Karandashev, V. N. (2004). Schwartz technique for studying personality values: Concept and methodological guidance. St. Petersburg: Rech’. (in Russ.).
Khmelkova, O. V. (2017). Structural components of adaptive readiness and psychological and pedagogical conditions for its formation: a dynamic aspect. World of Science, 5(5). Retrieved from https://mir-nauki.com/PDF/25PSMN517.pdf (in Russ.).
Kleineidam L., Thoma M. V, Maercker A., Bickel H., Mösch E., Hajek A., … Wagner M. (2019). What is successful aging? A psychometric validation study of different construct definitions. The Gerontologist, 59(4), 738–748. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gny083
Kovaleva, N. G. (n.d.). A differentiated approach to the study of the needs and value orientations of the elderly. Collection of articles on social gerontology. Retrieved from https://lib.uni-dubna.ru/search/files/sr_sbornic/~sr_sbornic.htm#5 (in Russ.).
Kurulenko, E. A. (n.d.). Values of women of the third age. Collection of articles on social gerontology. Retrieved from https://lib.uni-dubna.ru/search/files/sr_sbornic/~sr_sbornic.htm#5 (in Russ.).
Leont'ev, D. A. (1996). From social values to personal ones: Sociogenesis and phenomenology of the value regulation of activity. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 14: Psikhologiya (Moscow University Psychology Bulletin), 4, 35–44. (in Russ.).
Löckenhoff, C. E., & Rutt, J. L. (2017). Age differences in self-continuity: Converging evidence and directions for future research. The Gerontologist, 57(3), 396–408. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnx010
Mandel, B. R. (2015). Developmental psychology. Moscow; Berlin: Direkt-Media. (in Russ.).
Nikitin, J., & Freund, A. M. (2019). The adaptation process of aging. In R. Fernández-Ballesteros, A. Benetos, & J.-M. Robine (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging (pp. 281–298). Cambridge University Press. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781316677018.018
Rubinstein, S. L. (2003). Being and consciousness. A man and the world. St. Petersburg: Piter. (in Russ.).
Sakharova, T. N., Umanskaya, E. G., & Tsvetkova, N. A. (2016). Gerontopsychology. Moscow: Moscow State Pedagogical University. (in Russ.).
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theory and empirical tests in 20 countries. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 1–65. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60281-6
Shamionov, R. M. (2015). Personal adaptive readiness of the subject of social interaction. Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaya Seriya. Filosofiya. Psikhologiya. Pedagogika (Izvestiya of Saratov University. New series. Series: Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy), 15(4), 106–112. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2015-15-4-106-112 (in Russ.).
Sokolova, V. F., & Beretskaya, E. A. (2017). Theory and practice of rehabilitation of elderly citizens. Moscow: Flinta. (in Russ.).
Stawski, R. S., Scott, S. B., Zawadzki, M. J., Sliwinski, M. J., Marcusson-Clavertz, D., Kim, J., … Joshua, M. (2019). Age differences in everyday stressor-related negative affect: A coordinated analysis. Psychology and Aging, 34(1), 91–105. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pag0000309
Stuart-Hamilton, J. (2010). The psychology of aging. St. Petersburg: Piter. (in Russ.).
Teshale, S. M., & Lachman, M. E. (2016). Managing daily happiness: The relationship between selection, optimization, and compensation strategies and well-being in adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 31(7), 687–692. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pag0000132
Vyzulina, K. S., & Yasko, B. A. (2015). Personal determinants of personal socio-psychological adaptation: Theoretical and methodological foundations. Bulletin of the Adygea State University. Series 3: Pedagogy and Psychology, 1(157). Retrieved from https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/lichnostnye-determinanty-sotsialno-psihologicheskoy-adaptatsii-lichnosti-teoretiko-metodologicheskie-osnovy-issledovaniya (in Russ.).