Abstract
Introduction. This paper concentrates on studying psychological mechanisms of social activity, which determine individuals’ behavioral strategies, actions, and sequential behavior in the social environment. By applying a systematic diachronic approach, this study was undertaken to analyze social activity, its mechanisms, and determinants. The original systematic diachronic approach is capable of revealing the complex internal organization of social activity and may help develop means for managing risks among youth.
Theoretical Basis. Current research on social activity is focused on its motivation, content, factors, levels, and social risks. Social activity is considered in terms of social and personal effects as a way of social participation and self-realization. Young people’s protest and civil activities are of particular interest to researchers. A review of literature revealed that little emphasis has been placed on the issues of social activity and difficulties in operationalization of the phenomena of social activity among individuals and groups. Thus, disparate data on its foundations, driving forces, mechanisms, and public effects should be brought together.
Results and Discussion. Social activity is a fundamental effect of the socialization of individuals, which determines social subjects’ initiative impact on the social environment, their participation in social life, and initiative and creative relation to all social spheres, as well as self-relation. The system of social activity is considered as a system containing a meta-system level of social reality. This study (a) discusses characteristics of the systematic diachronic approach to the analysis of social activity, (b) establishes a nonlinear dynamics of social activity of individuals which is caused by diachrony of its internal and external instances, (c) considers its incentive and structural mechanisms and factors, which are differentiated by the stage of individuals’ socialization and their social maturity, and (d) reveals the most important personal characteristics that regulate social activity including initiative, independence, responsibility, and social intelligence.
References
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Eremina L. I. Correlation of creativity and social activity of students in the socio-reformative activity. Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaya seriya. Akmeologiya obrazovaniya. Psikhologiya razvitiya – Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series: Educational Acmeology. Developmental Psychology, 2015, V. 4, no. 2, pp. 155–159 (in Russian).
Grigor'ev A. V. Personal traits and characteristics of attitudes towards activity as predictors of personal socio-psychological adaptation depending on the directions of the realized activity. Modern Problems of Science and Education, 2014, no. 5. p. 630. Available at: https://www.science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=14546 (Accessed 08 April 2018).
Zabolotskii V. A. Mechanisms of motivation affecting students’ social activity. Kazanskaya nauka – Kazan Science, 2015, no. 6, pp. 202–204 (in Russian).
Balabanova E. S. Development of ideas on social activity among young people in Russian socio-psychological research. Chelovecheskii faktor: problemy psikhologii i ergonomiki – Human Factors: Problems of Psychology and Ergonomics, 2017, no. 1 (81), pp. 48–54 (in Russian).
Yunosheva M. A. Social activity of youth public associations in the system making socially significant decisions. V mire nauchnykh otkrytii – In the World of Scientific Discoveries, 2010, no. 4–2, pp. 46–48 (in Russian).
Popov E. A., Maksimova S. G. Social activity of population and public civil initiatives. Politika i obshchestvo – Politics and Society, 2012, no. 7, pp. 17–22 (in Russian).
Maksimova S. G. Civic consciousness, civic initiatives, and social participation as a basis for the formation of civil society in modern Russia. Vestnik Permskogo gosudarstvennogo gumanitarno-pedagogicheskogo universiteta. Seriya № 3.
Gumanitarnye i obshchestvennye nauki – Bulletin of Perm State University of Pedagogical Sciences and Humanities. Series 3: Humanities and Social Sciences, 2015, no. 1, pp. 116–131 (in Russian).
Akbarova A. A. Social activity as an element of social self-determination of youth. Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaya seriya. Akmeologiya obrazovaniya. Psikhologiya razvitiya – Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series: Educational Acmeology. Developmental Psychology, 2015, V. 4, no. 1, pp. 41–45 (in Russian).
Fomin A. A., Simanina A. I. Social engagement, civic identity and personal maturity as a manifestation of civic attitude of youth. Aktual'nye problemy psikhologicheskogo znaniya – Actual Problems of Psychological Knowledge, 2015, no. 3, pp. 123–135 (in Russian).
Mustafina D. B. Formation of active social position of youth through volunteer activity as a type of social activity. Novaya nauka: Strategii i vektory razvitiya – New Science: Strategies and Vectors of Development, 2015, no. 6–2, pp. 34–36 (in Russian).
Russo S., Amna E. When political talk translates into political action: The role of personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 2016, V. 100, pp. 126–130. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.12.009
Reichert F., Print M. Mediated and moderated effects of political communication on civic participation. Information Communication & Society, 2017, V. 20, Issue 8, pp. 1162–1184. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1218524
Roker D., Player K., & Coleman J. Young people's voluntary and campaigning activities as sources of political education. Oxford Review of Education, 1999, V. 25, Issue 1–2, pp. 185–198. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/030549899104206
Gaby S. The civic engagement gap(s): Youth participation and inequality from 1976 to 2009. Youth & Society, 2017, V. 49, Issue 7, pp. 923–946. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118X16678155
Isaeva S. S., Nikulina E. Yu., Radchenko T. E. Social activity of youth as a factor of the development of modern Russia. Vestnik Kostromskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. N. A. Nekrasova. Seriya: Pedagogika. Psikhologiya. Sotsial'naya rabota. Yuvenologiya. Sotsiokinetika – Vestnik Kostroma state university. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Juvenology. Sociokinetics, 2012, V. 18, no. 1–2, pp. 212–213 (in Russian).
Rodimushkina O. V., Chernikova I. A., Yakovlev O. V. Social tensions and protest potential in the Russian Federation. Obshchestvo i parvo – Society and Law, 2015, no. 1 (51), pp. 300–304 (in Russian).
Gaifullin A. Yu., Rybalko N. V. Social activity of youth: the evaluation and ways to improve. Vestnik Bashkirskogo universiteta – Bulletin of Bashkir University, 2011, V. 16, no. 4, pp. 1392–1396 (in Russian).
Kahne J. & Bowyer B. The political significance of social media activity and social networks. Political Communication, 2018, V. 35, Issue 3, pp. 470–493. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2018.1426662
Shiratuddin N., Hassan S., Mohd Sani M. A., Ahmad M. K., Aboo Talib Khalid K., Abdull Rahman N. L., Ahmad N. S. Y. Media and youth participation in social and political activities: Development of a survey instrument and its critical findings. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2017, V. 25, pp. 1–19.
McFarland D. A., Thomas R. J. Bowling young: How youth voluntary associations influence adult political participation. American Sociological Review, 2006, V. 71, pp. 401–425.
Oosterhoff B., Ferris K. A., Metzger A. Adolescents’ sociopolitical values in the context of organized activity involvement. Youth & Society, 2017, V. 49, Issue 7, pp. 947–967. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118X14560528
Zani B. & Barrett M. Engaged citizens? Political participation and social engagement among youth, women, minorities, and migrants. Human Affairs, 2012, V. 22, Issue 3, pp. 273–282. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13374-012-0023-2
Yeshpanova D., Narbekova G., Biyekenova N., Kuchinskaya J., Mukanova O. Social activity of youth in social and cultural measurement. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014, V. 140, pp. 109–114. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.394
Zavgorodnii M. D. Social activity on the Internet. Vestnik Rossiiskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya: Sotsiologiya – Bulletin of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia. Series: Sociology, 2012, no. 2, pp. 49–55 (in Russian).
Ryabikina Z. I., Bogomolova E. I. Interrelations between personal characteristics of users of the Internet social networks and features of their activity in a network. Polythematic Online Scientific Journal of Kuban State Agrarian University, 2015, no. 109, pp. 1041–1057.
Pilishvili T. S., Minaeva A. Yu. Social networking activity of personality and subjectivity formation in the information world. Akmeologiya – Acmeology, 2016, no. 1 (57), pp. 84–88 (in Russian).
Zinchak E. V., Sakharov A. S. Studying the relationship between the activity of applicants in social networks and their employment and career growth. Ekonomika i predprinimatel'stvo – Economics and Entrepreneurship, 2014, no. 12–3 (53–3), pp. 457–463 (in Russian).
Belinskaya E. P., Frantova D. K. Activity in the virtual interaction as a factor of identity construction by social networks users: intergenerational differences. Vestnik RGGU. Seriya: Psikhologiya. Pedagogika. Obrazovanie – Bulletin of Russian State University for the Humanities. Series: Psychology. Pedagogy, 2017, no. 3 (9), pp. 28–43 (in Russian).
Miticheva T. I., Maslova V. S. Problem of youth’s activity in social communities of internet network. Al'manakh sovremennoi nauki i obrazovaniya – Almanac of Modern Science and Education, 2015, no. 5 (95), pp. 126–128 (in Russian).
Vitak J., Zube P., Smock A., Carr C. T., Ellison N., Lampe C. It's complicated: Facebook users' political participation in the 2008 Election. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 2011, V. 14 (3). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0226
Jost J. T., Barbera P., Bonneau R., Langer M., Metzger M., Nagler J., Sterling J., Tucker J. A. How social media facilitates political protest: information, motivation, and social networks. Political Psychology, 2018, V. 39 (1), pp. 85–118.
Ogan C., Varol O. What is gained and what is left to be done when content analysis is added to network analysis in the study of a social movement: Twitter use during Gezi Park. Information, Communication & Society, 2017, V. 20, Issue 8, pp. 1220–1238. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1229006
Chan M., & Guo J. The role of political efficacy on the relationship between Facebook use and participatory behaviors: A comparative study of young American and Chinese adults. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 2013, V. 16 (6). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0468
Kupreichenko A. B., Moiseev A. S. Social self-determination of the Russian urban middle class. Uchenye zapiski IMEI – Proceedings of the Institute of the World Economy and Informatization, 2011, no. 2 (2), pp. 71–84 (in Russian).
Labunskaya V. A., Narovskaya Ya. B. Types of transformation of the appearance as a reflection of the focus of transforming activity of a subject in social communication. Mir psikhologii – The World of Psychology, 2006, no. 4, pp. 96–104 (in Russian).
Tolsteneva U. L. Existential experience and social activity of personality. Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika – Psychology and Psychotechnics, 2016, no. 7, pp. 614–621 (in Russian).
Shchemeleva I. I. Social technologies for managing students’ social activity. Voprosy upravleniya – Management Issues, 2016, no. 4 (22), pp. 86–92 (in Russian).
Shamionov R. M. Socialization of personality: A systematic diachronic approach. Psikhologicheskie issledovaniya, 2013, V. 6, no. 27, p. 8 (in Russian).
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