Abstract
Introduction. The paper (a) examines the characteristics of interpersonal relationships between 16–19-year-old girls suffering from love addiction and their fathers and (b) provides an overview of previous studies on the issue. In the latter, the father’s role is recognized to be among its major contributing factors. Empirical data were collected during psychological counseling of young female love addicts. The present study focuses on the nature of interpersonal relationships between daughters suffering from love addiction and their fathers and discusses preventive measures against such dependency in new generations of Russian females.
Methods. These were (a) the Love Addiction Test by A. Yu. Egorova; (b) the Interpersonal Dependency Inventory by R. Hirschfeld; (c) the Teenagers About Parents technique by L. I. Wasserman, I. A. Gor'kova, and E. E. Romitsyna; (d) the Family Sociograms by E. G. Eidemiller and O. V. Cheremisin; (e) the technique for assessing father-daughter relationships; (f) the My Relations with Men in the Eyes of Others self-assessment technique. Statistical procedures for data processing included Spearman’s correlation and Mann–Whitney U test.
Results. The study presents the results of comparative analysis of father-daughter relationships in two study groups – young female love addicts and those having no signs of pathological love. The findings suggest that with age interpersonal dependency decreases in girls not suffering from love addiction and increases in young female love addicts.
References
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Ivakhnova I. D. Lyubovnaya addiktsiya kak sotsial'no-psikhologicheskii fenomen [Love addiction as a socio-psychological phenomenon]. Praktika zaboty v sovremennom obshchestve: Materialy Vseros. nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii [Proc. the All-Russian Theoretical and Practical Conference “Practice of care in modern society”]. Saratov, Saratovskii istochnik, 2017, pp. 104–107.
Moskalenko V. D. Kogda lyubvi slishkom mnogo: Profilaktika lyubovnoi zavisimosti [When there is too much love: Preventing love addiction]. Moscow, Psikhoterapiya Publ., 2006. 224 p.
Peele S., Brodsky A. Love and Addiction. New York, Taplinger, 1975 (Russ. ed.: Pil S., Brodski A. Lyubov' i zavisimost'. Moscow, Humanities Institute Publ., 2005. 384 p.).
Weinhold B., Weinhold J. Breaking free of the co-dependency trap (Russ. ed.: Uainkhold B., Uainkhold Dzh. Osvobozhdenie ot sozavisimosti. Moscow, Klass Publ., 2002. 224 p.).
Sophia E. C., Tavares H., Berti M. P., Pereira A. P., Lorena A., Mello C., Gorenstein C., Zilberman M. L. Pathological love: Impulsivity, personality, and romantic relationship. CNS Spectrums, 2009, V. 14, Issue 5, pp. 268–274. DOI: 10.1017/S1092852900025438
Kast V. Father-daughter, mother-son: Freeing ourselves from the complexes that bind us. Element books, 1997 (Russ. ed.: Kast V. Ottsy – docheri, materi – synov'ya. Put' ot ottsovskogo i materinskogo kompleksov k sobstvennoi lichnostnoi identichnosti. Moscow, Dipak Publ., 2016. 184 p.).
Norwood R. Women who love too much. Los Angeles, CA, Jeremy P. Tarcher, 1985 (Russ. ed.: Norvud R. Zhenshchiny, kotorye lyubyat slishkom sil'no. Moscow, Dobraya kniga Publ., 2013. 352 p.).
Shalaeva E. P. Studying love addiction in daughters in connection with paternal deprivation. Sovremennye tendentsii razvitiya nauki i tekhnologii – Modern Trends in the Development of Science and Technology, 2017, no. 3–10, pp. 131–135 (in Russian).
Etchegoyen A., Trowell J. The importance of fathers. A Psychoanalytic Re-evaluation. New York, Taylor and Francis, 2002. 272 p.
Suh G. W., Fabricius W. V., Stevenson M. M., et al. Effects of the interparental relationship on adolescents' emotional security and adjustment: The important role of fathers. Developmental Psychology, 2016, V. 52 (10), pp. 1666–1678. DOI: 10.1037/dev0000204
Milyukova E. V. Formirovanie psikhologicheskikh komponentov roditel'skoi lyubvi [Forming psychological components of parental love]. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Psych.). Kurgan, 2005. 191 p.
Ovcharova R. V., Tokareva Yu. A. Ottsovstvo kak tsennost' i sfera samorealizatsii lichnosti [Fatherhood as a value and the field of personal self-actualization]. Materialy IV Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii “Psikhologicheskie problemy sovremennoi sem'i” [Proc. the IV International Scientific Conference “Psychological problems of modern family”]. Moscow, Moscow State University Publ., 2009, pp. 484–488.
Sevast'yanova U. Yu. Psikhologo-akmeologicheskie faktory razvitiya produktivnogo ottsovskogo otnosheniya [Psychological and acmeological factors for productive paternal relations]. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Psych.). Kostroma, 2015. 180 p.
Fisher H. E., Brown L. L., Aron A., Strong G., Mashek D. Reward, addiction, and emotion regulation systems associated with rejection in love. Journal of Neurophysiology, 2010, V. 104, Issue 1, pp. 51–60. DOI: 10.1152/jn.00784.2009
Aseeva A. D. Sotsial'no-psikhologicheskie aspekty zavisimogo povedeniya v mezhlichnostnykh otnosheniyakh v yunosheskom vozraste [Social and psychological aspects of dependent behavior in interpersonal relations in adolescence]. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Psych.). Kursk, 2014. 210 p.
Bogatyreva O. V., Musikhina A. L., Panfilov P. V. The image of the desired partner and relations in representations of emotionally dependent girls. Aktual'nye problemy psikhologicheskoi bezopasnosti cheloveka v sovremennom obshchestve – Current Problems of Psychological Security of a Person in Modern Society, 2010, no. 1, pp. 32–42 (in Russian).
Smirnov A. V. Bazovye psikhologicheskie komponenty addiktivnogo povedeniya v strukture integral'noi individual'nosti [Basic psychological components of addictive behavior in the structure of integral individuality]. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Psych.). Ekaterinburg, 2015. 489 p.
Shaparenko E. Yu., Fal'kovskii G. V. Refleksy lyubvi i schast'ya [Reflexes of love and happiness]. Moscow, AST Publ., 2016. 192 p.
Fromm E. The art of loving. London, Thorsons, 1995 (Russ. ed.: Fromm E. Iskusstvo lyubit'. Moscow, AST Publ., 2014. 221 p.).
Chernikova N. V. Psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya khimicheskoi i emotsional'noi zavisimosti [Psychology and psychotherapy of chemical and emotional dependence]. Moscow, MHI Publ., 2012. 129 p.
Jung C. G. The conflicts in the child’s souls (Russ. ed.: Yung K. G. Konflikty detskoi dushi. Moscow, Kanon Publ., 1997. 336 p.).
de Looze M., Constantine N. A., Jerman P., Vermeulen-Smit E., ter Bogt T. Parent-adolescent sexual communication and its association with adolescent sexual behaviors: A nationally representative analysis in the Netherlands. The Journal of Sex Research, 2015, V. 52, Issue 3, pp. 257–268. DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2013.858307
Luo Y., Xiang Z., Zhang H., Wang Z. Protective factors for depressive symptoms in adolescents: Interpersonal relationships and perceived social support. Psychology in the Schools, 2017, V. 54, Issue 8, pp. 808–820. DOI: 10.1002/pits.22033
Smith A., Pedersen E. J., Forster D. E., McCullough M. E., Lieberman D. Cooperation: The roles of interpersonal value and gratitude. Evolution and Human Behavior, 2017, V. 38, Issue 6, pp. 695–703. DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav. 2017.08.003
Beattie M. Codependent no more: How to stop controlling others and start caring for yourself. Walker and Company, 1987 (Russ. ed.: Bitti M. Spasat' ili spasat'sya? Kak izbavit'sya ot zhelaniya postoyanno opekat' drugikh i nachat' dumat' o sebe. Moscow, Eksmo Publ., 2015. 384 p.).
Lazarenko D. V. Psikhologo-pedagogicheskaya profilaktika sklonnosti k addiktivnomu povedeniyu studentov vuza [Psychological and pedagogical prevention of tendency toward addictive behavior among university students]. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Psych.). Kemerovo, 2016. 201 p.
Tsvetkova N. A., Chetverik M. A. Ob aktual'nosti formirovaniya predstavlenii devushek 16–17 let o samosokhranitel'nom povedenii [Urgency of forming the ideas of self-preservation behavior among 16–19-year-old girls]. Materialy XIII Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii “Psikhologo-sotsial'naya rabota v sovremennom obshchestve: problemy i resheniya” [Proc. the 13th International Theoretical and Practical Conference “Psycho-social work in modern society: problems and solutions”]. St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg State Institute of Psychology and Social Work Publ., 2015, pp. 192–195.
Mityaeva A. M., Fomina S. N., Tsvetkova N. A., Rybakova A. I., Gedulyanova N. S., Khovanskaya E. A. Psychological counseling strategies for women regarding their level of fulfillment of need for personal development. Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication, 2016, November, Special Edition, pp. 3263–3283. Available at: http://www.tojdac.org/tojdac/VOLUME6-NOVSPCL_files/tojdac_v060NVSE245.pdf (Accessed 12 August 2018).
Mendelevich V. D., Zobin M. N. Addiktivnoe vlechenie [Addictive drive]. Moscow, MEDpress-inform Publ., 2012. 264 p.
Langley C. Father knows best: Paternal presence and sexual debut in African-American adolescents living in poverty. Family Process, 2016, V. 55, Issue 1, pp. 155–170. DOI: 10.1111/famp.12125
Sadikaj G., Moskowitz D. S., Zuroff D. C. Intrapersonal variability in interpersonal perception in romantic relationships: Biases and accuracy. Journal of Research in Personality, 2017, V. 69, pp. 67–77. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2016.06.011
Plotnikov S. G., Galimbievskaya Yu. D., Fastova V. A. Vzaimosvyaz' detsko-roditel'skikh otnoshenii s vyborom brachnogo partnera [Associations between child-parent relations and the choice of a marriage partner]. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii “Nauka XXI veka: teoriya, praktika i perspektivy” [Proc. the International Theoretical and Practical Conference “Science of the 20th century: Theory, practice, and prospects”]. Ufa, Omega Sains Publ., 2015, pp. 285–287.
Grigorova T. P. Destruktivnaya privyazannost' k partneru vo vzroslom vozraste i sovladanie s ee proyavleniyami [Destructive attachment to a partner in adulthood and coping with its manifestations]. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Psych.). Kostroma, 2015. 166 p.
Latypov N. N. Metafizika lyubvi + strast' glazami neirobiologa [Metaphysics of love + passion through a neurobiologist’s eyes]. Moscow, AST Publ., 2015. 206 p.
Egorov A. Yu. Nekhimicheskie zavisimosti: monografiya [Non-chemical addictions]. St. Petersburg, Rech' Publ., 2007. 190 p.
Makushina O. P. The Interpersonal Dependency Inventory (R. Hirschfeld): O. P. Makushina’s modification. In: A. A. Bodalev (ed.) Psikhologiya obshcheniya. Entsiklopedicheskii slovar' [Psychology of communication. The encyclopedic dictionary]. Moscow, Kogito-Tsentr, 2011. 600 p.
Vasserman L. I., Gor'kova I. A., Romitsyna E. E. Psikhologicheskaya metodika “Podrostki o roditelyakh” i ee prakticheskoe primenenie [The Teenagers About Parents psychological technique and its practical application]. St. Petersburg, FARMindeks Publ., 2001. 68 p.
Olifirovich N. I., Zinkevich-Kuzemkina T. A., Velenta T. F. Psikhologiya semeinykh krizisov [Psychology of family crises]. St. Petersburg, Rech' Publ., 2006. 360 p.
Ivakhnova I. D. Lyubovnaya addiktsiya kak sotsial'no-psikhologicheskii fenomen [Love addiction as a socio-psychological phenomenon]. Praktika zaboty v sovremennom obshchestve: Materialy Vseros. nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii [Proc. the All-Russian Theoretical and Practical Conference “Practice of care in modern society”]. Saratov, Saratovskii istochnik, 2017, pp. 104–107.
Moskalenko V. D. Kogda lyubvi slishkom mnogo: Profilaktika lyubovnoi zavisimosti [When there is too much love: Preventing love addiction]. Moscow, Psikhoterapiya Publ., 2006. 224 p.
Peele S., Brodsky A. Love and Addiction. New York, Taplinger, 1975 (Russ. ed.: Pil S., Brodski A. Lyubov' i zavisimost'. Moscow, Humanities Institute Publ., 2005. 384 p.).
Weinhold B., Weinhold J. Breaking free of the co-dependency trap (Russ. ed.: Uainkhold B., Uainkhold Dzh. Osvobozhdenie ot sozavisimosti. Moscow, Klass Publ., 2002. 224 p.).
Sophia E. C., Tavares H., Berti M. P., Pereira A. P., Lorena A., Mello C., Gorenstein C., Zilberman M. L. Pathological love: Impulsivity, personality, and romantic relationship. CNS Spectrums, 2009, V. 14, Issue 5, pp. 268–274. DOI: 10.1017/S1092852900025438
Kast V. Father-daughter, mother-son: Freeing ourselves from the complexes that bind us. Element books, 1997 (Russ. ed.: Kast V. Ottsy – docheri, materi – synov'ya. Put' ot ottsovskogo i materinskogo kompleksov k sobstvennoi lichnostnoi identichnosti. Moscow, Dipak Publ., 2016. 184 p.).
Norwood R. Women who love too much. Los Angeles, CA, Jeremy P. Tarcher, 1985 (Russ. ed.: Norvud R. Zhenshchiny, kotorye lyubyat slishkom sil'no. Moscow, Dobraya kniga Publ., 2013. 352 p.).
Shalaeva E. P. Studying love addiction in daughters in connection with paternal deprivation. Sovremennye tendentsii razvitiya nauki i tekhnologii – Modern Trends in the Development of Science and Technology, 2017, no. 3–10, pp. 131–135 (in Russian).
Etchegoyen A., Trowell J. The importance of fathers. A Psychoanalytic Re-evaluation. New York, Taylor and Francis, 2002. 272 p.
Suh G. W., Fabricius W. V., Stevenson M. M., et al. Effects of the interparental relationship on adolescents' emotional security and adjustment: The important role of fathers. Developmental Psychology, 2016, V. 52 (10), pp. 1666–1678. DOI: 10.1037/dev0000204
Milyukova E. V. Formirovanie psikhologicheskikh komponentov roditel'skoi lyubvi [Forming psychological components of parental love]. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Psych.). Kurgan, 2005. 191 p.
Ovcharova R. V., Tokareva Yu. A. Ottsovstvo kak tsennost' i sfera samorealizatsii lichnosti [Fatherhood as a value and the field of personal self-actualization]. Materialy IV Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii “Psikhologicheskie problemy sovremennoi sem'i” [Proc. the IV International Scientific Conference “Psychological problems of modern family”]. Moscow, Moscow State University Publ., 2009, pp. 484–488.
Sevast'yanova U. Yu. Psikhologo-akmeologicheskie faktory razvitiya produktivnogo ottsovskogo otnosheniya [Psychological and acmeological factors for productive paternal relations]. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Psych.). Kostroma, 2015. 180 p.
Fisher H. E., Brown L. L., Aron A., Strong G., Mashek D. Reward, addiction, and emotion regulation systems associated with rejection in love. Journal of Neurophysiology, 2010, V. 104, Issue 1, pp. 51–60. DOI: 10.1152/jn.00784.2009
Aseeva A. D. Sotsial'no-psikhologicheskie aspekty zavisimogo povedeniya v mezhlichnostnykh otnosheniyakh v yunosheskom vozraste [Social and psychological aspects of dependent behavior in interpersonal relations in adolescence]. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Psych.). Kursk, 2014. 210 p.
Bogatyreva O. V., Musikhina A. L., Panfilov P. V. The image of the desired partner and relations in representations of emotionally dependent girls. Aktual'nye problemy psikhologicheskoi bezopasnosti cheloveka v sovremennom obshchestve – Current Problems of Psychological Security of a Person in Modern Society, 2010, no. 1, pp. 32–42 (in Russian).
Smirnov A. V. Bazovye psikhologicheskie komponenty addiktivnogo povedeniya v strukture integral'noi individual'nosti [Basic psychological components of addictive behavior in the structure of integral individuality]. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Psych.). Ekaterinburg, 2015. 489 p.
Shaparenko E. Yu., Fal'kovskii G. V. Refleksy lyubvi i schast'ya [Reflexes of love and happiness]. Moscow, AST Publ., 2016. 192 p.
Fromm E. The art of loving. London, Thorsons, 1995 (Russ. ed.: Fromm E. Iskusstvo lyubit'. Moscow, AST Publ., 2014. 221 p.).
Chernikova N. V. Psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya khimicheskoi i emotsional'noi zavisimosti [Psychology and psychotherapy of chemical and emotional dependence]. Moscow, MHI Publ., 2012. 129 p.
Jung C. G. The conflicts in the child’s souls (Russ. ed.: Yung K. G. Konflikty detskoi dushi. Moscow, Kanon Publ., 1997. 336 p.).
de Looze M., Constantine N. A., Jerman P., Vermeulen-Smit E., ter Bogt T. Parent-adolescent sexual communication and its association with adolescent sexual behaviors: A nationally representative analysis in the Netherlands. The Journal of Sex Research, 2015, V. 52, Issue 3, pp. 257–268. DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2013.858307
Luo Y., Xiang Z., Zhang H., Wang Z. Protective factors for depressive symptoms in adolescents: Interpersonal relationships and perceived social support. Psychology in the Schools, 2017, V. 54, Issue 8, pp. 808–820. DOI: 10.1002/pits.22033
Smith A., Pedersen E. J., Forster D. E., McCullough M. E., Lieberman D. Cooperation: The roles of interpersonal value and gratitude. Evolution and Human Behavior, 2017, V. 38, Issue 6, pp. 695–703. DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav. 2017.08.003
Beattie M. Codependent no more: How to stop controlling others and start caring for yourself. Walker and Company, 1987 (Russ. ed.: Bitti M. Spasat' ili spasat'sya? Kak izbavit'sya ot zhelaniya postoyanno opekat' drugikh i nachat' dumat' o sebe. Moscow, Eksmo Publ., 2015. 384 p.).
Lazarenko D. V. Psikhologo-pedagogicheskaya profilaktika sklonnosti k addiktivnomu povedeniyu studentov vuza [Psychological and pedagogical prevention of tendency toward addictive behavior among university students]. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Psych.). Kemerovo, 2016. 201 p.
Tsvetkova N. A., Chetverik M. A. Ob aktual'nosti formirovaniya predstavlenii devushek 16–17 let o samosokhranitel'nom povedenii [Urgency of forming the ideas of self-preservation behavior among 16–19-year-old girls]. Materialy XIII Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii “Psikhologo-sotsial'naya rabota v sovremennom obshchestve: problemy i resheniya” [Proc. the 13th International Theoretical and Practical Conference “Psycho-social work in modern society: problems and solutions”]. St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg State Institute of Psychology and Social Work Publ., 2015, pp. 192–195.
Mityaeva A. M., Fomina S. N., Tsvetkova N. A., Rybakova A. I., Gedulyanova N. S., Khovanskaya E. A. Psychological counseling strategies for women regarding their level of fulfillment of need for personal development. Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication, 2016, November, Special Edition, pp. 3263–3283. Available at: http://www.tojdac.org/tojdac/VOLUME6-NOVSPCL_files/tojdac_v060NVSE245.pdf (Accessed 12 August 2018).
Mendelevich V. D., Zobin M. N. Addiktivnoe vlechenie [Addictive drive]. Moscow, MEDpress-inform Publ., 2012. 264 p.
Langley C. Father knows best: Paternal presence and sexual debut in African-American adolescents living in poverty. Family Process, 2016, V. 55, Issue 1, pp. 155–170. DOI: 10.1111/famp.12125
Sadikaj G., Moskowitz D. S., Zuroff D. C. Intrapersonal variability in interpersonal perception in romantic relationships: Biases and accuracy. Journal of Research in Personality, 2017, V. 69, pp. 67–77. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2016.06.011
Plotnikov S. G., Galimbievskaya Yu. D., Fastova V. A. Vzaimosvyaz' detsko-roditel'skikh otnoshenii s vyborom brachnogo partnera [Associations between child-parent relations and the choice of a marriage partner]. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii “Nauka XXI veka: teoriya, praktika i perspektivy” [Proc. the International Theoretical and Practical Conference “Science of the 20th century: Theory, practice, and prospects”]. Ufa, Omega Sains Publ., 2015, pp. 285–287.
Grigorova T. P. Destruktivnaya privyazannost' k partneru vo vzroslom vozraste i sovladanie s ee proyavleniyami [Destructive attachment to a partner in adulthood and coping with its manifestations]. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Psych.). Kostroma, 2015. 166 p.
Latypov N. N. Metafizika lyubvi + strast' glazami neirobiologa [Metaphysics of love + passion through a neurobiologist’s eyes]. Moscow, AST Publ., 2015. 206 p.
Egorov A. Yu. Nekhimicheskie zavisimosti: monografiya [Non-chemical addictions]. St. Petersburg, Rech' Publ., 2007. 190 p.
Makushina O. P. The Interpersonal Dependency Inventory (R. Hirschfeld): O. P. Makushina’s modification. In: A. A. Bodalev (ed.) Psikhologiya obshcheniya. Entsiklopedicheskii slovar' [Psychology of communication. The encyclopedic dictionary]. Moscow, Kogito-Tsentr, 2011. 600 p.
Vasserman L. I., Gor'kova I. A., Romitsyna E. E. Psikhologicheskaya metodika “Podrostki o roditelyakh” i ee prakticheskoe primenenie [The Teenagers About Parents psychological technique and its practical application]. St. Petersburg, FARMindeks Publ., 2001. 68 p.
Olifirovich N. I., Zinkevich-Kuzemkina T. A., Velenta T. F. Psikhologiya semeinykh krizisov [Psychology of family crises]. St. Petersburg, Rech' Publ., 2006. 360 p.