Abstract
The paper (a) examines psychological features of self-attitude in students involved and not involved in sports; (b) analyzes features of self-perception in students involved in gender-specific and gender-non-specific sports by means of categories of self-image, physical self, and aesthetic self; (c) proves that bodily perception of self-image influences self-attitude in students while studying at university.
Studying students’ self-attitude in early youth is of interest because it is the period of active interpersonal interaction, finding of their own place in the world, entering the system of social reproduction, forming socio-moral evaluations, social adaptation through sports activities.
The theoretical section describes the main concepts of self-attitude in domestic and foreign psychology, as well as features of the development of self-attitude in students. The analysis emphasizes the influence of (a) bodily perception on self-attitude in students involved in gender-specific and gender-non-specific sports, as well as (b) sports specialization on ego-identity of the person.
The empirical study revealed (a) the main principles of self-attitude in university students involved and not involved in sports in relation to self-perception of physical and aesthetic modalities of self-image; (b) associations among personal qualities, gender identity, social adaptiveness, and modality of self-concept.
The findings of the statistical analysis confirmed the credibility of the studies and conclusions. The final section concludes with a summary. The results are of direct practical relevance.
The methodological tools of the study included the following: (a) S. Bem Gender Identity Questionnaire; (b) M. Kuhn and T. McPartland Twenty Statements Test; (c) S. R. Pantileev technique for studying self-attitude “MIS”; (d) K. Rogers and R. Diamond technique for studying socio-psychological adaptation “SPA” (in modification of A. K. Osnitskii); (e) T. Leary Interpersonal Diagnosis (in modification of L. N. Sobchik); (f) E. V. Kolomiychenko questionnaire “Your relation to sports” for students involved in sports; (g) and “Physical Self” and “Aesthetic Self” questionnaires.
The participants comprised 109 (60 girls and 49 young men) students of sciences and humanities faculties of Southern Federal University aged 18–22 years, involved and not involved in sports.
References
Akchurin B. G. Physicality as a manifestation of human potential. Social'nye i gumanitarnye znanija, 2004, no. 2, pp. 31–37 (in Russian).
Arina G. A., Nikolaeva V. V. Psychology of physicality: methodological principles and stages of clinical and psychological analysis. In: Psikhologiya telesnosti mezhdu dushoi i telom [Psychology of physicality between soul and body]. Moscow, AST Publ., 2007, pp. 222–235.
Babiyants K. A., Manuilova O. V. Forming a cognitive aspect of self-consciousness in young people by developing reflection in frustrating situations. In: Mezhdunarodnyi forum po kognitivnomu modelirovaniyu (IFCM–2013) [International forum on cognitive modeling (IFCM–2013)]. Rostov-on-Don, SKNTs VSh YuFU Publ., 2013, pp. 251–255.
Bagadirova S. K., Yurina A. A. Materialy k kursu «Psikhologiya lichnosti» [Personality psychology]. Moscow, Direkt-Media Publ., 2014, Part 2. 172 p.
Burenkova E. V. Obraz Ya kak otsenka sobstvennoi vneshnosti devushkami 17–18 let [Self-image as assessing of own appearance in girls aged 17–18 years]. Penza, Penza State University Publ., 2008, p. 8.
Volkova T. G. Psikhologiya samosoznaniya [Psychology of self-consciousness]. Moscow, Direkt-Media Publ., 2013. 296 p.
Ivanova V. V. Obshchie voprosy samosoznaniya lichnosti [Common issues of self-consciousness]. Moscow, Prometei Publ., 2014. 152 p.
Ivashchuk O. F. «Ya» kak ponyatiinaya forma [Self as a conceptual form]. Moscow, Direkt-Media Publ., 2014. 313 p.
Kas'yanik E. L., Makeeva E. S. Psikhologicheskaya diagnostika samosoznaniya lichnosti [Psychological diagnostics of self-consciousness]. Mozyr', Sodeistvie Publ., 2007. 224 p.
Kibal'chenko I. A., Kondrakova N. V. Izuchenie potentsial'nykh resursov u studentov v aspekte samorazvitiya, samoorganizatsii i samoopredeleniya molodezhi [Studying potential resources in students from the aspect of self-development, self-organization, and self-determination of young people]. Chelovek, sub"ekt, lichnost' v sovremennoi psikhologii: Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii, posvyashchennoi 80-letiyu A. V. Brushlinskogo [Proc. the International Conference on the 80th anniversary of A. V. Brushlinskii “Man, subject, and personality in modern psychology”]. Moscow, Institute of Psychology RAS Publ., 2013, V. 3. 52 p.
Kolomiichenko E. V. Self-attitude and gender identity as factors forming the image of physicality in modern young people. Teoriya i praktika obshchestvennogo razvitiya – Theory and Practice of Social Development, 2015, no. 16, pp. 268–272 (in Russian).
Kon I. Men's studies: changing men in a changing world. In: Vvedenie v gendernye issledovaniya [Introduction to gender studies]. Kharkov, 2001.
Kornilova A. P., Yakobson S. G., Moreva G. I., Sharai T. P. Vliyanie otnosheniya k svoemu telu i polovoi prinadlezhnosti na samootnoshenie lichnosti [The influence of relation to own body and gender on self-attitude of the person]. Perm, PSU Publ., 2008. 91 p.
Kukhterina A. N. Latent hierarchy of motives of students’ involvement in sports activities. In: Aktual'nye problemy fizicheskoi kul'tury i sporta [Urgent problems of physical culture and sports]. Moscow, Prometei Publ., 2013, pp. 143–144.
Levi T. S. Relation to the body in the structure of self-attitude. Znanie. Ponimanie. Umenie. – Kowledge. Understanding. Skill, 2008, no. 3, pp. 72–75 (in Russian).
Manuilova O. V. Individual'naya profil'naya asimmetriya kak pokazatel' rezul'tativnosti sportivnoi deyatel'nosti v greble na kanoe [Individual profile asymmetry as a parameter of the effectiveness of canoeing]. Materialy XXXVII nauchnoi konferentsii sotrudnikov, aspirantov i studentov fakul'teta psikhologii YuFU [Proc. 37th scientific conference of academic staff, postgraduates and students of psychology faculty of Southern Federal University in 20–21 April]. Moscow, KREDO Publ., 2009, pp. 342–343.
Novitskaya M. S. Psychological aspects of dance sport in the system of sports training. Psikhologiya obucheniya – Educational Psychology, 2014, no. 7, pp. 87–93 (in Russian).
Zinchenko V. P., Levi T. S. (eds.) Psikhologiya telesnosti [The psychology of physicality]. Moscow, 2011. 731 p.
Potekhina L. M., Ganchenko N. M., Chumakova Z. V. Volleyball as a means of developing communicative abilities. In: Aktual'nye problemy fizicheskoi kul'tury i sporta [Urgent problems of physical culture and sports]. Moscow, Prometei Publ., 2013, pp. 187–190.
Trusova N. V., Baraborkina L. N., Sapego A. V., Kozyreva E. V. Technical training of players in women’s football. Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta – Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, 2014, V. 2, no. 4 (60), pp. 91–95 (in Russian).
Ulyaeva L. G. Ya-fizicheskoe v strukture samosoznaniya [Physical self in the structure of self-consciousness]. Moscow, 2012. 234 p.
Tsikunova N. S. Gendernye kharakteristiki lichnosti sportsmenov v maskulinnykh i feminnykh vidakh sporta [Gender characteristics of athletes in the masculine and feminine sports]. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Psych.). St. Petersburg, 2003.
Abbott B. D., Barber B. L. Differences in functional and aesthetic body image between sedentary girls and girls involved in sports and physical activity: Does sport type make a difference? Psychology of Sport and Exercise Journal, 2011, no. 12, pp. 333–342.
Maro C., Roberts G. Gender differences on cognitive, motivation and affective responses within Tanzanian physical education context. An achievement goal approach. In: Athens 2004: Pre-olympic Congress. Sport Science Through the Ages: Challenges in the New Millennium. Thessaloniki, 2004, V. 1. URL: http://cev.org.br/biblioteca/gender-differences-on-cognitive-motivational-and-affective-responses-within-tanzanian-physical-education-context-an-achievement-goal-approach
McDougal J. Participation in sport and sex discrimination. In: 2004 Pre-Olympic Congress. Thessaloniki, 2004, V. 1, p. 136.
Monterio Gaspar M. J., Amaral T. F., Oliveira B. M. P. M., Borges N. Protective effect of physical activity on dissatisfaction with body image in children – A cross-sectional study. Psychology of Sport and Exercise Journal, 2011, no. 12, pр. 563–569.
Pfister G. Gender, sport and health – changing discourses. In: 2004 Pre-Olympic Congress. Thessaloniki, 2004, V. 1, pp. 124–125.
Popovic R., Kocic J., Herodek K., Muratidou E., Damjanovska M. Barriers to women participation in sport and recreation from perspective of underprivileged and developed countries. In: 2004 Pre-Olympic Congress. Thessaloniki, 2004, V. 1, p. 494.
Tosunidis A., Pappas C., Zarotis G. Sex characteristics of motives in university sport and fitness center. In: 2004 Pre-Olympic Congress. Thessaloniki, 2004, V. 1, p. 15.
Volkwein-Caplan K. A. E. Homophobia in women's sport. In: 2004 Pre-Olympic Congress. Thessaloniki, 2004, V. 1, pр. 124–164.