Abstract
The paper presents a systematic and structural analysis of the theories of psychological transformations of personality revealing the main methodological approaches to studying personality changes. Transformations of the person’s sense-value sphere are of special interest.
The study (a) analyses the psychological definitions of the “transformation” concept; (b) provides an overview of various theories and approaches to studying personality and its transformations; (c) reveals dynamic and static theories of personality, as well as theories of development and transformation; (d) describes in detail a psycho-transformational approach; (e) highlights artificial and natural transformations.
The paper considers various models and forms of personal transformation and also presents a “field theory”, which is based on the concepts of “analyzing tendencies” or “forces” creating barriers or promoting transformations, and a “theory of dissatisfaction crystallization", which forms associative relations between subjective perception of problems, expenditure, and negative results.
The considered approaches are classified according the following parameters: principles of development, influence of a situation and the context of activity, types of cognitive activity, and mechanisms of resistance to any changes.
The analysis of the considered approaches and models shows that the level of studying personality determines potentialities of its transformation. Personality changes from the standpoint of functioning levels determine the transformation processes specific to each of them. Fast-paced transformations of personality are characteristic for the sense level.
The systemic and structural analysis of the theories of psychological transformations of personality suggests differentiating possible personality changes at the level of personal activity, personal traits, and at the sense level. Future work will involve studying cognitive, affective, and behavioral transformations of a person in the zone of armed conflict.
References
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Anan'ev B. G. O problemakh sovremennogo chelovekoznaniya [On the problems of modern human study]. St. Petersburg, Piter Publ., 2001. 275 p.
Bandura A. Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1977. 247 p. (Russ. ed.: Bandura A. Teoriya sotsial'nogo naucheniya. St. Petersburg, Evraziya Publ., 2000, pp. 13–28).
Bernshtein S. B. Zigzagi pamyati. Vospominaniya. Dnevnikovye zapisi [Zigzags of memory. Memories. Diaries]. Moscow, 2002. 394 p.
Bekhterev V. M. Izbrannye trudy po psikhologii lichnosti. In 2 vol. [Selected works on personality psychology. In 2 V.]. St. Petersburg, Aleteiya Publ., 1999, V. 1. 256 p.
Bratus' B. S. Studying the sense sphere of the person. Vestnik Moskovskogo un-ta. Ser. 14. Psikhologiya – Moscow University Psychology Bulletin, 1981, no. 2, pp. 46–56 (in Russian).
Brushlinskii A. V., Kol'tsova V. A. Socio-psychological concept of V. M. Bekhterev. In: Izbrannye raboty po sotsial'noi psikhologii [Selected works in social psychology]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1996, pp. 145–149.
Vygotskii L. S. Sobranie sochinenii [Collected works]. Moscow, 1983, V. 3. 641 p.
Gippenreiter Yu. B. Psikhologiya emotsii [Psychology of emotions]. Moscow, 1984. 336 p.
Grof K. Dukhovnyi krizis: Kogda preobrazovanie lichnosti stanovitsya krizisom [Spiritual crisis: When the transformation of personality becomes a crisis]. Moscow, 2003. 377 p.
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Kozlov V. V., Kozlova A. A. Upravlenie konfliktom [Conflict management]. Moscow, EKSMO Publ., 2014. 224 p.
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Kretschmer E. Medical psychology. Moscow, Soyuz Publ., 1989. 464 p. (in Russian).
Lazurskii A. F. Klassifikatsiya lichnostei [Classification of personalities]. Leningrad, Gosizdat Publ., 1924. 290 p.
Levin K. Dynamic psychology: Selected works. Moscow, Smysl Publ., 2001. 572 p. (in Russian).
Levin K. Field theory in social science. St. Petersburg, Sensor Publ., 2000. 368 p. (in Russian).
Leont'ev A. N. Deyatel'nost'. Soznanie. Lichnost' [Activity. Consciousness. Personality]. Moscow, Politizdat Publ., 1975. 170 p.
Leont'ev D. A. Personality theory by A. F. Lazurskii: from propensity to relations. Metodologiya i istoriya psikhologii – Methodology and History of Psychology, 2008, V. 3, no. 4, pp. 7–20 (in Russian).
Lichko A. E. Psikhopatii i aktsentuatsiya kharaktera u podrostkov [Psychopathies and character accentuation in adolescents]. Leningrad, Meditsina Publ., 1983. 256 p.
Lomov B. F. Metodologicheskie i teoreticheskie problemy psikhologii [Methodological and theoretical problems of psychology]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1984. 445 p.
Magomed-Eminov M. Sh. Deyatel'nostno-smyslovoi podkhod k psikhologicheskoi transformatsii lichnosti [Activity and sense approach to psychological transformation of personality]. Diss. Dr. Sci. (Psych.). Moscow, 2009. 680 p.
Muddy S. Personality theories: a comparative analysis. Homewood, ILL: Dorsey Press, 1968 (Russ. ed.: Maddi S. Teorii lichnosti: sravnitel'nyi analiz. St. Petersburg, Rech' Publ., 2002. 539 p.).
Merlin V. S. Psikhologiya individual'nosti [Psychology of individuality]. Voronezh: MODEK Publ., 1996. 448 p.
Allport G. Personality formation: Selected works. Moscow, Smysl Publ., 2002. 356 p. (in Russian).
Piaget J. The psychology of intelligence. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1951 (Russ. ed.: Piazhe Zh. Psikhologiya intellekta. St. Petersburg, 2003).
Rimareva I. I. Transformation of the scientist’s personality (the autobiographical excursus). Molodoi uchenyi – Young Scientist, 2014, no. 8, pp. 725–730 (in Russian).
Rogers C. R. Client-centered therapy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1951 (Russ. ed.: Rodzhers K. R. Klient-tsentrirovannaya psikhoterapiya. Moscow, EKSMO-Press Publ., 2002. 175 p.).
Rubinshtein S. L. Izbrannye filosofsko-psikhologicheskie trudy. Osnovy ontologii, logiki i psikhologii [Selected philosophical and psychological works. Fundamentals of ontology, logic, and psychology]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1997. 463 p.
Seryi A. V. Psikhologicheskie mekhanizmy funktsionirovaniya sistemy lichnostnykh smyslov [Psychological mechanisms of functioning of the system of personal senses]. Kemerovo, Kuzbassvuzizdat, 2002. 183 p.
Skinner B. Operant behavior. In: Istoriya zarubezhnoi psikhologii (30–60-e gg. XX v.). Teksty [History of foreign psychology (30–60-ies of 21st century). Texts]. Moscow, 1986.
Uryvaev V. A., Boichuk B. V. Transformations of personality as a multidimensional problem. Klinicheskaya i meditsinskaya psikhologiya: issledovaniya, obuchenie, praktika – Clinical and Medical Psychology: Research, Training, and Practice, 2013, no. 2 (2). Available at: http://medpsy.ru/climp
Frankl V. Man’s search for meaning: biographical sketch. Moscow, Progress Publ., 2010. 368 p. (in Russian).
Freud S. Essays on the history of psychoanalysis. In: «Ya» i «ONO» (“Ego” and “Id”). Tbilisi, 1991, V. 1. 274 p.
Hall C. S., Lindsey G. Theories of Personality. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1970 (Russ. ed.: Kholl K., Lindsei G. Teorii lichnosti. Moscow, KSP+ Publ., 1997. 720 p.).
Horney K. The collected works of Karen Horney, New York: W. W. Norton Company, 1942. 230 p. (Russ. ed.: Khorni K. Sobranie sochinenii: V 3 t. Moscow, Smysl Publ., 1997. 342 p.).
Hjelle L., Ziegler D. Personality theories: Basic assumptions, research, and applications. 3th ed.: McGrow-Hill, 1992 (Russ. ed.: Kh'ell L., Zigler D. Teorii lichnosti. St. Petersburg, Piter Press Publ., 1997. 275 p.).
Jung C. G. Psychological types. St. Petersburg, Yuventa Publ., 1995. 717 p. (in Russian).
Jung, C. G. Symbols of transformation. Moscow, Penta-Graphic Publ., 2000. 496 p. (in Russian).
Abakumova I., Kruteleva L., Ryadinskaya E. Transformation of Life-Sense Strategies of a Person in the Armed Conflict Environment: Theoretical Research. In: 6th.World Congress of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (Management, Psychology, Political and Social Sciences) (WCPBS 2016). Barselona, 2016, pp. 1–6.
Baumeister R., Leary M. The Need to Belong: Desire for Interpersonal Attachments as a Fundamental Human Motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 1995, no. 117, pp. 113–115.
Cattell R. B. The birth of the Society of Multivariate Experimental Psychology. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 1990, 26 (1), pp. 48–57.
Dewey J. The quest for certainty. N. Y., Minton, Balch, 1929. 283 p.
Frankl V. E. The unheard cry for meaning: Psychotherapy and humanism. New York, NY, Simon & Schuster, 2011. 184 р.
Heatherton T. F., Weinberger J. L. Can personality change? Washington (DC), American Psychological Association, 1994. 301 p.
Kelly G. A theory of personality: The psychology of personal constructs. New York, Norton, 1963, pp. 238–240.
Maslow Abraham H. Towards a Psychology of Being. Third edition. NY, John Wiley & Sons, 1998, p. 89.
Ryadinskaya Yev. Theoretical analysis of a systematic approach to the study of the strategies of life meaning of the individual under an armed conflict. In: “The Tenth International Conference on Eurasian scientific development”. Proceedings of the Conference (September 02, 2016). Vienna, 2016, pp. 40–43.
Sheldon B. Behavioral Approaches with Psychiatric Patients. In: Social Work and Mental Health. L., Tavistock Publications, 1984, pp. 243–324.
Abul'khanova K. A., Berezina T. N. Vremya lichnosti i vremya zhizni [Time of personality and time of life]. St. Petersburg, Aleteiya Publ., 2001. 304 p.
Adler A. The practice and theory of individual psychology. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Jovanovich, 1924. (Russ. ed.: Adler A. Praktika i teoriya individual'noi psikhologii. Moscow, 1995. 326 p.).
Anan'ev B. G. O problemakh sovremennogo chelovekoznaniya [On the problems of modern human study]. St. Petersburg, Piter Publ., 2001. 275 p.
Bandura A. Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1977. 247 p. (Russ. ed.: Bandura A. Teoriya sotsial'nogo naucheniya. St. Petersburg, Evraziya Publ., 2000, pp. 13–28).
Bernshtein S. B. Zigzagi pamyati. Vospominaniya. Dnevnikovye zapisi [Zigzags of memory. Memories. Diaries]. Moscow, 2002. 394 p.
Bekhterev V. M. Izbrannye trudy po psikhologii lichnosti. In 2 vol. [Selected works on personality psychology. In 2 V.]. St. Petersburg, Aleteiya Publ., 1999, V. 1. 256 p.
Bratus' B. S. Studying the sense sphere of the person. Vestnik Moskovskogo un-ta. Ser. 14. Psikhologiya – Moscow University Psychology Bulletin, 1981, no. 2, pp. 46–56 (in Russian).
Brushlinskii A. V., Kol'tsova V. A. Socio-psychological concept of V. M. Bekhterev. In: Izbrannye raboty po sotsial'noi psikhologii [Selected works in social psychology]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1996, pp. 145–149.
Vygotskii L. S. Sobranie sochinenii [Collected works]. Moscow, 1983, V. 3. 641 p.
Gippenreiter Yu. B. Psikhologiya emotsii [Psychology of emotions]. Moscow, 1984. 336 p.
Grof K. Dukhovnyi krizis: Kogda preobrazovanie lichnosti stanovitsya krizisom [Spiritual crisis: When the transformation of personality becomes a crisis]. Moscow, 2003. 377 p.
Kara Zh. Yu., Kruteleva L. Yu. On the relationship of concepts: sense-life orientations, sense-life strategies, and sense-life concept of personality. Izvestiya Yuzhnogo federal'nogo universiteta. Pedagogicheskie nauki – News of Southern Federal University. Pedagogical sciences, 2012, V. 1, pp. 111–116 (in Russian).
Kozlov V. V., Kozlova A. A. Upravlenie konfliktom [Conflict management]. Moscow, EKSMO Publ., 2014. 224 p.
Collins R. The sociology of philosophies: A global theory of intellectual change. Harvard University Press, 1998. 1098 p. (Russ. ed.: Kollinz R. Sotsiologiya filosofii. Global'naya teoriya intellektual'nogo izmeneniya. Novosibirsk, Sibirskii khronograf Publ., 2002. 1282 p.).
Kretschmer E. Medical psychology. Moscow, Soyuz Publ., 1989. 464 p. (in Russian).
Lazurskii A. F. Klassifikatsiya lichnostei [Classification of personalities]. Leningrad, Gosizdat Publ., 1924. 290 p.
Levin K. Dynamic psychology: Selected works. Moscow, Smysl Publ., 2001. 572 p. (in Russian).
Levin K. Field theory in social science. St. Petersburg, Sensor Publ., 2000. 368 p. (in Russian).
Leont'ev A. N. Deyatel'nost'. Soznanie. Lichnost' [Activity. Consciousness. Personality]. Moscow, Politizdat Publ., 1975. 170 p.
Leont'ev D. A. Personality theory by A. F. Lazurskii: from propensity to relations. Metodologiya i istoriya psikhologii – Methodology and History of Psychology, 2008, V. 3, no. 4, pp. 7–20 (in Russian).
Lichko A. E. Psikhopatii i aktsentuatsiya kharaktera u podrostkov [Psychopathies and character accentuation in adolescents]. Leningrad, Meditsina Publ., 1983. 256 p.
Lomov B. F. Metodologicheskie i teoreticheskie problemy psikhologii [Methodological and theoretical problems of psychology]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1984. 445 p.
Magomed-Eminov M. Sh. Deyatel'nostno-smyslovoi podkhod k psikhologicheskoi transformatsii lichnosti [Activity and sense approach to psychological transformation of personality]. Diss. Dr. Sci. (Psych.). Moscow, 2009. 680 p.
Muddy S. Personality theories: a comparative analysis. Homewood, ILL: Dorsey Press, 1968 (Russ. ed.: Maddi S. Teorii lichnosti: sravnitel'nyi analiz. St. Petersburg, Rech' Publ., 2002. 539 p.).
Merlin V. S. Psikhologiya individual'nosti [Psychology of individuality]. Voronezh: MODEK Publ., 1996. 448 p.
Allport G. Personality formation: Selected works. Moscow, Smysl Publ., 2002. 356 p. (in Russian).
Piaget J. The psychology of intelligence. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1951 (Russ. ed.: Piazhe Zh. Psikhologiya intellekta. St. Petersburg, 2003).
Rimareva I. I. Transformation of the scientist’s personality (the autobiographical excursus). Molodoi uchenyi – Young Scientist, 2014, no. 8, pp. 725–730 (in Russian).
Rogers C. R. Client-centered therapy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1951 (Russ. ed.: Rodzhers K. R. Klient-tsentrirovannaya psikhoterapiya. Moscow, EKSMO-Press Publ., 2002. 175 p.).
Rubinshtein S. L. Izbrannye filosofsko-psikhologicheskie trudy. Osnovy ontologii, logiki i psikhologii [Selected philosophical and psychological works. Fundamentals of ontology, logic, and psychology]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1997. 463 p.
Seryi A. V. Psikhologicheskie mekhanizmy funktsionirovaniya sistemy lichnostnykh smyslov [Psychological mechanisms of functioning of the system of personal senses]. Kemerovo, Kuzbassvuzizdat, 2002. 183 p.
Skinner B. Operant behavior. In: Istoriya zarubezhnoi psikhologii (30–60-e gg. XX v.). Teksty [History of foreign psychology (30–60-ies of 21st century). Texts]. Moscow, 1986.
Uryvaev V. A., Boichuk B. V. Transformations of personality as a multidimensional problem. Klinicheskaya i meditsinskaya psikhologiya: issledovaniya, obuchenie, praktika – Clinical and Medical Psychology: Research, Training, and Practice, 2013, no. 2 (2). Available at: http://medpsy.ru/climp
Frankl V. Man’s search for meaning: biographical sketch. Moscow, Progress Publ., 2010. 368 p. (in Russian).
Freud S. Essays on the history of psychoanalysis. In: «Ya» i «ONO» (“Ego” and “Id”). Tbilisi, 1991, V. 1. 274 p.
Hall C. S., Lindsey G. Theories of Personality. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1970 (Russ. ed.: Kholl K., Lindsei G. Teorii lichnosti. Moscow, KSP+ Publ., 1997. 720 p.).
Horney K. The collected works of Karen Horney, New York: W. W. Norton Company, 1942. 230 p. (Russ. ed.: Khorni K. Sobranie sochinenii: V 3 t. Moscow, Smysl Publ., 1997. 342 p.).
Hjelle L., Ziegler D. Personality theories: Basic assumptions, research, and applications. 3th ed.: McGrow-Hill, 1992 (Russ. ed.: Kh'ell L., Zigler D. Teorii lichnosti. St. Petersburg, Piter Press Publ., 1997. 275 p.).
Jung C. G. Psychological types. St. Petersburg, Yuventa Publ., 1995. 717 p. (in Russian).
Jung, C. G. Symbols of transformation. Moscow, Penta-Graphic Publ., 2000. 496 p. (in Russian).
Abakumova I., Kruteleva L., Ryadinskaya E. Transformation of Life-Sense Strategies of a Person in the Armed Conflict Environment: Theoretical Research. In: 6th.World Congress of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (Management, Psychology, Political and Social Sciences) (WCPBS 2016). Barselona, 2016, pp. 1–6.
Baumeister R., Leary M. The Need to Belong: Desire for Interpersonal Attachments as a Fundamental Human Motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 1995, no. 117, pp. 113–115.
Cattell R. B. The birth of the Society of Multivariate Experimental Psychology. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 1990, 26 (1), pp. 48–57.
Dewey J. The quest for certainty. N. Y., Minton, Balch, 1929. 283 p.
Frankl V. E. The unheard cry for meaning: Psychotherapy and humanism. New York, NY, Simon & Schuster, 2011. 184 р.
Heatherton T. F., Weinberger J. L. Can personality change? Washington (DC), American Psychological Association, 1994. 301 p.
Kelly G. A theory of personality: The psychology of personal constructs. New York, Norton, 1963, pp. 238–240.
Maslow Abraham H. Towards a Psychology of Being. Third edition. NY, John Wiley & Sons, 1998, p. 89.
Ryadinskaya Yev. Theoretical analysis of a systematic approach to the study of the strategies of life meaning of the individual under an armed conflict. In: “The Tenth International Conference on Eurasian scientific development”. Proceedings of the Conference (September 02, 2016). Vienna, 2016, pp. 40–43.
Sheldon B. Behavioral Approaches with Psychiatric Patients. In: Social Work and Mental Health. L., Tavistock Publications, 1984, pp. 243–324.