Abstract
Introduction. The present paper overviews domestic and foreign studies on conflicts, psychological defense mechanisms, and coping strategies. The novelty of the research lies in studying the relationships among the strategies of behavior in conflicts, coping strategies, and psychological defense mechanisms among adolescent boys and girls.
Materials and Methods. These were the Life Style Index questionnaire (R. Plutchik); the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ) (R. Lazarus); The Thomas–Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument (TKI). The study involved 23 boys and 16 girls, tenth and eleventh grade secondary school students in Lyubokhna, Bryansk region.
Results. The study revealed a statistically significant difference in coping strategies and psychological defense mechanisms in difficult or stressful situations among adolescent boys and girls. The strategy of cooperation in conflict situations had a direct relationship with accepting responsibility and seeking social support in the group of adolescent boys. The strategy of cooperation in conflict situations had an inverse relationship with confrontational coping and self-controlling in the group of adolescent girls.
Discussion. Adolescent boys and girls differ in how their strategies of behavior in conflicts are associated with coping strategies and defense mechanisms. The findings are useful for providing psychological assistance to adolescent boys and girls.
References
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Bassin F. V. On the power of the self and psychological defense. In: Raigorodskii D. Ya. (ed.) Samosoznanie i zashchitnye mekhanizmy lichnosti [Self-consciousness and defense mechanisms]. Samara, Bakhrakh-M Publ., 2008, pp. 3–15.
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Romanova E. S., Grebennikov L. R. Mekhanizmy psikhologicheskoi zashchity: genezis, funktsionirovanie, diagnostika [Psychological defense mechanisms: Genesis, functioning, and diagnostics]. Mytishchi, Talant Publ., 1996. 144 p.
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Bezuglova A. A., Vasil'eva O. S., Pravdina L. R. Socio-psychological adaptation in individuals with different coping strategies. Rossiiskii psikhologicheskii zhurnal – Russian Psychological Journal, 2017, V. 14, no. 4, pp. 180–204 (in Russian). DOI: 10.21702/rpj.2017.4.9
Borisova I. V., Zyuzya A. A., Mezentseva I. A., Petukhova L. P. Coping behaviour in physical education faculty students with different anxiety levels. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P. F. Lesgafta, 2011, no. 10 (80), pp. 42–45 (in Russian).
Borisova I. V., Borisova U. N. Conducting behavior features among the pensioners with different gender. International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research, 2017, V. 8, Issue 3, pp. 2340–2344.
Borisova I. V. Sovladayushchee povedenie rabotnikov polikliniki [Coping behaviour in polyclinic workers]. Sotsial'naya psikhologiya lichnosti i akmeologiya: sbornik materialov mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii [Proc. the International Theoretical and Practical Conference “Social psychology of personality and acmeology”]. Moscow, Pero Publ., 2017, pp. 44–47.
Borisova I. V., Khulina K. I. Coping behavior in with different sexual orientations and gender identity. Klinicheskaia i spetsial'naia psikhologiia – Clinical Psychology and Special Education, 2017, V. 6, no. 4, pp. 33–46 (in Russian). DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2017060403
Borisova I. V., Ermakova E. S. Osobennosti zashchitnogo i sovladayushchego povedeniya yunoshei i devushek [Defensive behavior and coping in young men and women]. Materialy VII Cibirskogo psikhologicheskogo foruma “Kompleksnye issledovaniya cheloveka: psikhologiya” [Proc. the VII Siberian Psychological Forum “Complex research of a man: psychology”]. Tomsk, Tomsk State University Publ., 2017, Part 2, pp. 22–25.
Borisova I. V., Ermakova E. S. Defensive behavior and coping in young men and women from two-parent and one-parent families. Voprosy psikhicheskogo zdorov'ya detei i podrostkov – Mental Health of Children and Adolescent, 2017, no. 3 (17), pp. 87–92 (in Russian).
Kulagina I. Yu., Kolyutskii V. N. Psikhologiya razvitiya i vozrastnaya psikhologiya. Polnyi zhiznennyi tsikl razvitiya cheloveka [Developmental psychology and developmental psychology: Human full life cycle]. Moscow, Academic project Publ., 2015. 420 p.
Khukhlaeva O. V., Zykov E. V., Bubnova G. V. Psikhologiya razvitiya i vozrastnaya psikhologiya [Development psychology and age psychology]. Lyubertsy, Yurait Publ., 2016. 367 p.
Thomas K. W. Conflict and negotiation. In: Dunnette M. D. (ed.) Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology. Palo Alto, CA, Consulting Psychologists Press, 1992, pp. 889–935.
Deutsch M. Sixty years of conflict. International Journal of Conflict Management, 1990, V. 1, no. 3, pp. 237–263. DOI: 10.1108 / eb022682
Fisher R., Ury W. Getting to yes: Negotiating agreement without giving in. New York, Penguin Books, 1981 (Russ. ed.: Fisher R., Yuri U. Put' k soglasiyu, ili peregovory bez porazheniya. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1992. 158 p.).
Antsupov A. Ya., Shipilov A. I. Konfliktologiya [Conflictology]. St. Petersburg, Piter Publ., 2013. 512 p.
Grishina N. V. Psikhologiya konflikta [The psychology of conflict]. St. Petersburg, Piter Publ., 2008. 544 p.
Freud A. The Ego and the mechanisms of defense. London, Hogarth Press and Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1937. (Russ. ed.: Freid A. Ego i mekhanizmy psikhologicheskoi zashchity. Moscow, AST Publ., 2008. 159 p.).
Plutchik R., Kellerman H., Conte H. R. A structural theory of ego defenses and emotions. In: Izard C. E. (ed.) Emotions in personality and psychopathology. N. Y., Plenum Press, 1979, pp. 229–257.
Bassin F. V. On the power of the self and psychological defense. In: Raigorodskii D. Ya. (ed.) Samosoznanie i zashchitnye mekhanizmy lichnosti [Self-consciousness and defense mechanisms]. Samara, Bakhrakh-M Publ., 2008, pp. 3–15.
Granovskaya R. M., Nikol'skaya I. M. Psikhologicheskaya zashchita u detei [Psychological defense among children]. St. Petersburg, Rech' Publ., 2010. 352 p.
Lazarus R. S., Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. N. Y., Springer Publishing House, 1984. 456 p.
Folkman S., Lazarus R. S. Coping as a mediator of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1998, V. 54, Issue 3, pp. 466–475. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.54.3.466
Amirkhan J. H. A factor analytically derived measure of coping: The Coping Strategy Indicator. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1990, V. 59, Issue 5, pp. 1066–1074. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.59.5.1066
Frydenberg E. Coping competencies: What to teach and when. Theory Into Practice, 2004, V. 43, no. 1, pp. 14–22.
Romanova E. S., Grebennikov L. R. Mekhanizmy psikhologicheskoi zashchity: genezis, funktsionirovanie, diagnostika [Psychological defense mechanisms: Genesis, functioning, and diagnostics]. Mytishchi, Talant Publ., 1996. 144 p.
Yaltonskii V. M., Sirota N. A. The psychology of coping: Development, advances, problems, and prospects. In: Zhuravlev A. L., Kryukova T. L., Sergienko E. A. (eds.) Covladayushchee povedenie: sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy [Coping: State of the art and prospects]. Moscow, Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences Publ., 2008, pp. 21–54.
Kryukova T. L., Gushchina T. V. Kul'tura, stress i koping: sotsiokul'turnaya kontekstualizatsiya issledovanii sovladayushchego povedeniya [Culture, stress, and coping: Socio-cultural contextualization of coping studies]. Kostroma, Kostroma State University Publ., 2015. 236 p.
Davydova M. O., Ostapenko R. I. The relationship between optimism and coping in early adulthood. Perspektivy nauki i obrazovaniâ – Perspectives of Science and Education, 2016, V. 21, no. 3, pp. 76–81 (in Russian).
Gall T. L., Guirguis-Younger M. Religious and spiritual coping: Current theory and research. In: Pargament K. I., Exline J. J., Jones J. W. (eds.) APA handbooks in psychology. APA handbook of psychology, religion, and spirituality (V. 1): Context, theory, and research. Washington, DC, American Psychological Association, 2013, pp. 349–364. DOI: 10.1037/14045-019
Khachaturova M. R. Coping repertoire of personality: a review. Psikhologiya. Zhurnal Vysshei shkoly ekonomiki – Psychology. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, 2013, V. 10, no. 3, pp. 160–169 (in Russian).
Bochaver K. A., Dovzhik L. M. Coping behaviour in professional sports: phenomenology and diagnostics. Klinicheskaia i spetsial'naia psikhologiia – Clinical Psychology and Special Education, 2016, V. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–18 (in Russian). DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2016050101
Bezuglova A. A., Vasil'eva O. S., Pravdina L. R. Socio-psychological adaptation in individuals with different coping strategies. Rossiiskii psikhologicheskii zhurnal – Russian Psychological Journal, 2017, V. 14, no. 4, pp. 180–204 (in Russian). DOI: 10.21702/rpj.2017.4.9
Borisova I. V., Zyuzya A. A., Mezentseva I. A., Petukhova L. P. Coping behaviour in physical education faculty students with different anxiety levels. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P. F. Lesgafta, 2011, no. 10 (80), pp. 42–45 (in Russian).
Borisova I. V., Borisova U. N. Conducting behavior features among the pensioners with different gender. International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research, 2017, V. 8, Issue 3, pp. 2340–2344.
Borisova I. V. Sovladayushchee povedenie rabotnikov polikliniki [Coping behaviour in polyclinic workers]. Sotsial'naya psikhologiya lichnosti i akmeologiya: sbornik materialov mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii [Proc. the International Theoretical and Practical Conference “Social psychology of personality and acmeology”]. Moscow, Pero Publ., 2017, pp. 44–47.
Borisova I. V., Khulina K. I. Coping behavior in with different sexual orientations and gender identity. Klinicheskaia i spetsial'naia psikhologiia – Clinical Psychology and Special Education, 2017, V. 6, no. 4, pp. 33–46 (in Russian). DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2017060403
Borisova I. V., Ermakova E. S. Osobennosti zashchitnogo i sovladayushchego povedeniya yunoshei i devushek [Defensive behavior and coping in young men and women]. Materialy VII Cibirskogo psikhologicheskogo foruma “Kompleksnye issledovaniya cheloveka: psikhologiya” [Proc. the VII Siberian Psychological Forum “Complex research of a man: psychology”]. Tomsk, Tomsk State University Publ., 2017, Part 2, pp. 22–25.
Borisova I. V., Ermakova E. S. Defensive behavior and coping in young men and women from two-parent and one-parent families. Voprosy psikhicheskogo zdorov'ya detei i podrostkov – Mental Health of Children and Adolescent, 2017, no. 3 (17), pp. 87–92 (in Russian).
Kulagina I. Yu., Kolyutskii V. N. Psikhologiya razvitiya i vozrastnaya psikhologiya. Polnyi zhiznennyi tsikl razvitiya cheloveka [Developmental psychology and developmental psychology: Human full life cycle]. Moscow, Academic project Publ., 2015. 420 p.
Khukhlaeva O. V., Zykov E. V., Bubnova G. V. Psikhologiya razvitiya i vozrastnaya psikhologiya [Development psychology and age psychology]. Lyubertsy, Yurait Publ., 2016. 367 p.