Abstract
Introduction. The scientific review presents the results of the analysis of modern literature devoted to the study of the relationship of genetic, epigenetic and psychological factors with the effectiveness of psychotherapy.
Theoretical justification. Statistical data indicate that in the Russian Federation, taking into account the socio-political transformations of recent times, the population's need for psychological and psychotherapeutic assistance is increasing every year. Despite this, it is still not included in the health insurance. This is largely influenced by the lack of sufficient evidence base confirming the effectiveness of various psychological and psychotherapeutic approaches. The creation of such a system is possible based on the fundamental biological mechanisms underlying mental processes. These include, among others, genetic and epigenetic predictors. The article discusses the basic concepts of genetics and epigenetics related to psychological characteristics and the psychotherapeutic process. Models of correlation and interaction between genes and the environment are described. The results of the analysis of scientific literature devoted to the study of the influence of the carrier of "plasticity alleles", as well as genes of neurotransmitter systems on the effectiveness of psychotherapy are presented. The factors of the social environment that have a significant impact on neurobiological development are described. The relationship of the severity of DNA methylation processes with traumatic experiences on the one hand and with the effects of psychotherapeutic assistance on the other is described. The features of the relationship of methylation profiles with the psychotherapeutic effect are described. The analysis of the relationship of genetic predictors and psychological characteristics with the use of methods of cognitive behavioral therapy, therapy of PTSD, BPD, panic disorders, depression.
Discussion. The analysis of modern scientific literature on the topic allows us to conclude that the DNA methylation index can be used as a predictor of effectiveness and an indicator of the response to psychotherapy. In the future, knowledge of the relationship between genetic predictors and psychological characteristics with the effectiveness of psychotherapy can be used to develop personalized programs aimed at providing psychological assistance.
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