Аннотация
Введение. Актуальность исследования социальной активности связана с необходимостью изучения ее психологических механизмов, благодаря которым происходят формирование поведенческих стратегий, реализация поступков и последовательного поведения в социальной среде. Цель исследования – в применении методологических положений системно-диахронического подхода к анализу социальной активности, ее механизмов и детерминант. Применение оригинального системно-диахронического подхода позволит раскрыть ее сложную внутреннюю организацию, разработать средства риск-менеджмента активности молодежи.
Теоретическое обоснование. Современные исследования социальной активности сосредоточены на анализе ее мотивации, содержания, факторов, уровней, социальных рисков. Социальная активность рассматривается с точки зрения социальных и личностных эффектов как способ социального участия и самореализации человека. Отмечается особый интерес исследователей к протестной и гражданской активности молодежи. На основе анализа различных источников сделан вывод о недостаточной разработанности в социальной психологии проблемы социальной активности, трудностях операционализации феноменов социальной активности личности и группы, о необходимости обобщения разрозненных данных о ее основаниях, побудителях, механизмах и общественных эффектах.
Результаты и их обсуждение. Предложено определение социальной активности как фундаментального эффекта социализации личности, заключающегося в способности инициативного воздействия социальных субъектов на окружающую социальную среду, предполагающего не только участие в общественной жизни, но, прежде всего, реализацию инициативно-творческого отношения к сферам своей социальной жизнедеятельности, а также самой себе как субъекту социального бытия. Обсуждены особенности системно-диахронического подхода к анализу социальной активности. Система социальной активности рассмотрена как система со встроенным метасистемным уровнем социальной действительности. Отмечена нелинейная динамика социальной активности личности, обусловленная диахронией ее внутренних и внешних инстанций. Рассмотрены ее побудительные и содержательные механизмы и факторы, дифференцированные в зависимости от этапа социализации личности, достижения социальной зрелости. Раскрыты важнейшие характеристики – личностные регуляторы социальной активности – инициатива, самостоятельность, ответственность, социальный интеллект.
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Kahne J. & Bowyer B. The political significance of social media activity and social networks. Political Communication, 2018, V. 35, Issue 3, pp. 470–493. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2018.1426662
Shiratuddin N., Hassan S., Mohd Sani M. A., Ahmad M. K., Aboo Talib Khalid K., Abdull Rahman N. L., Ahmad N. S. Y. Media and youth participation in social and political activities: Development of a survey instrument and its critical findings. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2017, V. 25, pp. 1–19.
McFarland D. A., Thomas R. J. Bowling young: How youth voluntary associations influence adult political participation. American Sociological Review, 2006, V. 71, pp. 401–425.
Oosterhoff B., Ferris K. A., Metzger A. Adolescents’ sociopolitical values in the context of organized activity involvement. Youth & Society, 2017, V. 49, Issue 7, pp. 947–967. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118X14560528
Zani B. & Barrett M. Engaged citizens? Political participation and social engagement among youth, women, minorities, and migrants. Human Affairs, 2012, V. 22, Issue 3, pp. 273–282. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13374-012-0023-2
Yeshpanova D., Narbekova G., Biyekenova N., Kuchinskaya J., Mukanova O. Social activity of youth in social and cultural measurement. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014, V. 140, pp. 109–114. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.394
Zavgorodnii M. D. Social activity on the Internet. Vestnik Rossiiskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya: Sotsiologiya – Bulletin of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia. Series: Sociology, 2012, no. 2, pp. 49–55 (in Russian).
Ryabikina Z. I., Bogomolova E. I. Interrelations between personal characteristics of users of the Internet social networks and features of their activity in a network. Polythematic Online Scientific Journal of Kuban State Agrarian University, 2015, no. 109, pp. 1041–1057.
Pilishvili T. S., Minaeva A. Yu. Social networking activity of personality and subjectivity formation in the information world. Akmeologiya – Acmeology, 2016, no. 1 (57), pp. 84–88 (in Russian).
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