Аннотация
Введение. В статье рассматривается возможность объяснения организационного вандализма через эмоциональные проявления личности персонала. Несмотря на значительный ущерб, причиняемый персоналом материальной, информационной и социальной среде компании, подобная форма деструктивного поведения взрослого человека практически не изучается, в научной литературе представлены только разрозненные данные об агрессивных проявлениях персонала на рабочем месте (корпоративный саботаж, моббинг, халатность и пр.). В научной литературе отсутствуют описания предикторов вандализма взрослого, не рассматриваются механизмы возникновения подобной стратегии взаимодействия человека с организационной средой, что снижает потенциальную эффективность от разрабатываемых программ и предлагаемых методов по борьбе и предупреждению вандального поведения персонала. Новизна исследования заключается во введении и обосновании понятия «организационный вандализм» персонала, а также раскрытии его эмоциональной основы.
Теоретическое обоснование. Разработка понятия «организационный вандализм» и модели его эмоциональной основы осуществлялись с применением метода теоретического моделирования. При описании эмоциональной основы организационного вандализма авторы используют положения эволюционной теории эмоций Р. Плутчика. Это дает возможность соотнесения эмоций, переживаемых человеком в организационной среде, и различных видов вандальных действий, спровоцированных ими.
Результаты. Была сформирована модель, где выделяются восемь основных видов вандализма персонала в организации, связанных с первичными (базовыми) эмоциями: агрессивный, экзистенциальный, конформный, случайный, реактивный, некомпетентности, отчуждения, средовой. При «смешении» первичных эмоций возникают более сложные эмоциональные переживания, на основе которых также формируются отдельные виды вандализма персонала на рабочем месте, такие, как вандализм модернизации, стяжательный, любопытствующий, мстительный, «циничный», панический, конкурентный и др.
Обсуждение результатов. Делается вывод, что использование предложенной теоретической модели эмоциональной основы организационного вандализма должно быть встроено в комплексную систему учета личностных и организационных факторов деструктивного поведения персонала для его профилактики и предупреждения.
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Vorobyeva I. V., Kruzhkova O. V., Krivoshchekova M. S. The genesis of vandalism: From childhood to adolescence. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 2015, V. 8, no. 1, pp. 139–156. DOI: 10.11621/pir.2015.0112
Elliott D. S., Huizinga D., Menard S. Multiple problem youth: Delinquency, substance use, and mental health problem. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1989. 226 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9637-6
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Lorenz M. Vandalismus als Alltagsphänomen. Bonn, Bundeszentrale für Politische Bildung, 2012. 157 p.
Stuart G. Conflict and homeless youth. Youth Studies Australia, 1994, V. 13, no. 2, pp. 27–30.
Tavecchio L. W. C. Moral judgement and delinquency in homeless youth. Journal of Moral Education, 2010, V. 28, no. 1, pp. 63–79. DOI: 10.1080/030572499103313
Omaev B. Kh. The concept of vandalism and personal features in vandals. Obrazovanie i pravo – Education and Law, 2013, no. 5 (45) – 6 (46), pp. 168–173 (in Russian).
Robinson S. L., Bennett R. J. A Typology of deviant workplace behaviors: A multidimensional scaling study. The Academy of Management Journal, 1995, V. 38, no. 2, pp. 555–572. DOI: 10.2307/256693
Cohen S. Sociological approaches to vandalism. In: C. Levy-Leboyer (ed.) Vandalism, behaviour, and motivations. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, North Holland, 1984, pp. 51–62.
Levy T., Tziner A. When destructive deviance in the workplace becomes a liability: a decisional behavioral model. Quality and Quantity, 2011, V. 45, Issue 1, pp. 233–239. DOI: 10.1007/s11135-009-9277-0
Coffin B. Breaking the silence on white collar crime. Risk Management, 2003, V. 50, no. 8, pp. 6. Available at: https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-107762284/breaking-the-silence-on-white-collar-crime (Accessed 14 February 2018).
Cohen S. Property destruction: Motives and meanings. In: C. Ward (ed.) Vandalism. London, The Architectural Press, 1973, pp. 23–53.
Canter D. V. Fires and human behavior. New York, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 1980. 356 p.
Baron R. M., Fisher J. D. The equity-control model of vandalism: a refinement. In: C. Levy-Leboyer (ed.) Vandalism, behaviour and motivations. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, North Holland, 1984, pp. 63–76.
Weinmayr V. M. Vandalism by design: A critique. Landscape Architecture, 1969, V. 59, p. 286.
Plutchik R. Emotion: A psychoevolutionary synthesis. New York, Harper & Row, 1980. 440 p.
Plutchik R. The measurement of emotions. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 1997, V. 9, Issue 2, pp. 58–60. DOI: 10.1017/S0924270800036802
Plutchik R. The emotions: Facts, theories and a new model. New York, Random House, 1962. 232 p.
McDougall W. An introduction to social psychology. 14th ed. Boston, MA, US, John W Luce & Company, 1921. 410 p.
Gulevich O. A. Counter-productive activity at organizations: Definition, types, and factors. Organizatsionnaya psikhologiya – Organizational Psychology, 2013, V. 3, no. 4, pp. 49–58 (in Russian).
Kaukiainen A., Salmivalli C., Björkqvist K., Österman K., Lahtinen A., Kostamo A., Lagerspetz K. Overt and covert aggression in work settings in relation to the subjective well-being of employees. Aggressive Behaviour, 2001, V. 27, no. 5, pp. 360–371. DOI: 10.1002/ab.1021
Pietersen С. A Diagnostic approach to measuring and managing workplace aggression. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 2005, V. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–5. DOI: 10.4102/sajhrm.v3i1.52
Kruzhkova O. V., Devyatovskaya I. V. Psychological aspects of highlighting the emotional basis of organizational vandalism. In: A. L. Zhuravlev, V. A. Kol'tsova (eds.) Fundamental'nye i prikladnye issledovaniya v sovremennoi psikhologii: rezul'taty i perspektivy razvitiya [Fundamental and applied research in modern psychology: results and prospects]. Moscow, Institute of Psychology, RAS Publ., 2017, pp. 1839–1846.
Ortega Escobar J., Alcázar Córcoles M. T. Neurobiology of aggression and violence [Neurobiología de la agresión y la violencia]. Anuario de Psicología Jurídica, 2016, V. 26, no. 1, pp. 60–69. DOI: 10.1016/j.apj.2016.03.001
Rosell D. R., Siever L. J. The neurobiology of aggression and violence. CNS Spectrums, 2015, V. 20, Special Issue 3, pp. 254–279. DOI: 10.1017/S109285291500019X
Özer Ö., Uğurluoğlu Ö., Saygılı M., Sonğur C. The impact of work alienation on organizational health: A field study in health sector. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 2017. DOI: 10.1080/20479700.2017.1312804
Welford A. T. Ergonomics: Where have we been and where are we going: I. Ergonomics, 1976, V. 19, Issue 3, pp. 275–286. DOI: 10.1080/00140137608931543
Csikszentmihalyi M., Larsen R. Intrinsic rewards in school crime. Applications of Flow in Human Development and Education. Dordrecht, Springer, 2014, pp. 271–284. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9094-9_14
Gudkov L. D. Rebirth of a “Soviet man” (a case of a research project of the Levada Center). Odysseus: Man in history – Odysseus: Man in History, 2007, no. 1, p. 398 (in Russian).
Schilling J. Organisationaler Zynismus als Herausforderung für Führungskräfte: Umgang mit destruktiven Einstellungen von Mitarbeitern. In: A. Gourmelon (Hrsg.) Herausforderung Führung – führen wollen, führen können, schwierige Situationen meistern. Heidelberg, Rehm, 2016, pp. 21–36.
Zábrodská K., Květon P. Šikana na pracovišti v prostředí českých univerzit: výskyt, formy a organizač ní souvislosti. Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review, 2012, V. 48, no. 4, pp. 641–668.
Momand H. Mobbing in der Arbeitswelt: Ursachen, Folgen und mögliche Lösungsansätze für ein verbessertes Arbeitsklima. Hamburg, Diplomica Verlag, 2011. 207 p.
Pryadein V. P. Psychological, pedagogical, and social aspects of the sense of duty. Pedagogicheskoe obrazovanie v Rossii – Pedagogical Education in Russia, 2015, no. 9, pp. 65–71 (in Russian).
Yarushkin N. N., Satonina N. N. Social fear as a regulator of individuals’ responsible behaviour. Vestnik Samarskoi gumanitarnoi akademii. Seriya: Psikhologiya – Bulletin of the Samara Humanitarian Academy. Series: Psychology, 2007, no. 1, pp. 78–84 (in Russian).
Karpov A. V. Psikhologiya menedzhmenta [Psychology of management]. Moscow, Gardariki Publ., 2005. 584 p.
Roos H.-E. Vandalism as a Symbolic Act in Free Zones. In: C. Harriet H., J. Darryll J., & B. Martha H. (eds.) Vandalism: Research, Prevention and Social Policy. Seattle, US Dept. of Agruculture, Pacific Northwest Research Station and University of Washington, 1992, pp. 71–87. Available at: http://portal.research.lu.se/portal/files/5546900/802127.pdf (Accessed 14 February 2018).
Bobocel D. R. Coping with unfair events constructively or destructively: The effects of overall justice and self–other orientation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2013, V. 98 (5), pp. 720–731. DOI: 10.1037/a0032857
Simonova I. A. Searching for methodological foundations of social surfing in youth research. Pedagogicheskoe obrazovanie v Rossii – Pedagogical Education in Russia, 2016, no. 12, pp. 238–243 (in Russian).
Plutchik R. The Nature of Emotions: Human emotions have deep evolutionary roots, a fact that may explain their complexity and provide tools for clinical practice. American Scientist, 2001, V. 89, no. 4, pp. 344–350. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27857503?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents (Accessed 14 February 2018).
Osipova O. S. Deviant behavior: good or evil? Sociological Studies, 1998, no. 9, pp. 106–109 (in Russian). Available at: http://ecsocman.hse.ru/data/311/688/1217/020.OSSIPOVA.pdf (Accessed 14 February 2018).
Korelkin E. N. Transformation of the system of prevention in times of sociocultural crisis. Vestnik Adygeiskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 1: Regionovedenie: filosofiya, istoriya, sotsiologiya, yurisprudentsiya, politologiya, kul'turologiya – Bulletin of the Adyghe State University, the series “Region Studies: Philosophy, History, Sociology, Jurisprudence, Political Sciences and Culturology”, 2012, no. 4 (108), pp. 132–136 (in Russian).
Vatova L. S. Sotsial'no-psikhologicheskie osnovaniya molodezhnogo vandalizma i ego profilaktika [Socio-psychological foundations for vandalism among youth and its prevention]. Moscow, Narodnoe obrazovanie Publ., 2007. 298 p.
Gurova O. V. School graphic vandalism as a conflict between an individual and the environment. In: L. A. Maksimova (ed.) Konfliktogennost' sovremennosti [Conflictogenity nowadays]. Ekaterinburg, Ural State Pedagogical University, 2014, pp. 49–65.
Klyuev R. V. Vnutrennie i vneshnie faktory ekonomicheskogo riska promyshlennogo predpriyatiya [Internal and external factors for economic risks at industrial enterprises]. Sbornik statei Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii “Instrumenty i mekhanizmy sovremennogo innovatsionnogo razvitiya” [Proc. International Theoretical and Practical Conference “Tools and mechanisms of modern innovative development: Part 1”]. Ufa, Aeterna Publ., 2016, pp. 174–177.
Kruzhkova O. V., Devyatovskaya I. V. Organizational vandalism: On the issue of employees’ destructive behavior. Sibirskii psikhologicheskii zhurnal – Siberian Journal of Psychology, 2017, no. 63, pp. 150–169 (in Russian). DOI: 10.17223/17267080/63/11
Kuznetsova I. A., Popov V. A. Western studies of vandalism among youth. Pedagogika – Pedagogy, 1997, no. 6, pp. 111–114 (in Russian).
Skorokhodova A. S. Vandalism. Sotsiologicheskii zhurnal – Sociological Journal, 1999, no. 3–4, pp. 49–67 (in Russian).
Goldstein A. P. The psychology of vandalism. Boston, MA, Springer, 1996. 296 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-0176-7
Vorobyeva I. V., Kruzhkova O. V., Krivoshchekova M. S. The genesis of vandalism: From childhood to adolescence. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 2015, V. 8, no. 1, pp. 139–156. DOI: 10.11621/pir.2015.0112
Elliott D. S., Huizinga D., Menard S. Multiple problem youth: Delinquency, substance use, and mental health problem. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1989. 226 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9637-6
Le Blanc M., Fréshette M. Male criminal activity from childhood through youth. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1988. 228 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-3570-5
Mawby R. I. Burglary. Devon, UK, Willan Publishing, 2001. 213 p.
United States Bureau of the Census: Statistical abstract of the United States. 117th ed. Washington, DC, Hoovers Inc, 1997. 1022 p.
Kube E., Schuster L. Le vandalisme en milieu urbain: importance, portée et contexte du phenomena: mesures possibles de prévention. Strasbourg, Comité Européen pour les Problèmes Criminels, 1984. 24 p.
Lorenz M. Vandalismus als Alltagsphänomen. Bonn, Bundeszentrale für Politische Bildung, 2012. 157 p.
Stuart G. Conflict and homeless youth. Youth Studies Australia, 1994, V. 13, no. 2, pp. 27–30.
Tavecchio L. W. C. Moral judgement and delinquency in homeless youth. Journal of Moral Education, 2010, V. 28, no. 1, pp. 63–79. DOI: 10.1080/030572499103313
Omaev B. Kh. The concept of vandalism and personal features in vandals. Obrazovanie i pravo – Education and Law, 2013, no. 5 (45) – 6 (46), pp. 168–173 (in Russian).
Robinson S. L., Bennett R. J. A Typology of deviant workplace behaviors: A multidimensional scaling study. The Academy of Management Journal, 1995, V. 38, no. 2, pp. 555–572. DOI: 10.2307/256693
Cohen S. Sociological approaches to vandalism. In: C. Levy-Leboyer (ed.) Vandalism, behaviour, and motivations. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, North Holland, 1984, pp. 51–62.
Levy T., Tziner A. When destructive deviance in the workplace becomes a liability: a decisional behavioral model. Quality and Quantity, 2011, V. 45, Issue 1, pp. 233–239. DOI: 10.1007/s11135-009-9277-0
Coffin B. Breaking the silence on white collar crime. Risk Management, 2003, V. 50, no. 8, pp. 6. Available at: https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-107762284/breaking-the-silence-on-white-collar-crime (Accessed 14 February 2018).
Cohen S. Property destruction: Motives and meanings. In: C. Ward (ed.) Vandalism. London, The Architectural Press, 1973, pp. 23–53.
Canter D. V. Fires and human behavior. New York, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 1980. 356 p.
Baron R. M., Fisher J. D. The equity-control model of vandalism: a refinement. In: C. Levy-Leboyer (ed.) Vandalism, behaviour and motivations. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, North Holland, 1984, pp. 63–76.
Weinmayr V. M. Vandalism by design: A critique. Landscape Architecture, 1969, V. 59, p. 286.
Plutchik R. Emotion: A psychoevolutionary synthesis. New York, Harper & Row, 1980. 440 p.
Plutchik R. The measurement of emotions. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 1997, V. 9, Issue 2, pp. 58–60. DOI: 10.1017/S0924270800036802
Plutchik R. The emotions: Facts, theories and a new model. New York, Random House, 1962. 232 p.
McDougall W. An introduction to social psychology. 14th ed. Boston, MA, US, John W Luce & Company, 1921. 410 p.
Gulevich O. A. Counter-productive activity at organizations: Definition, types, and factors. Organizatsionnaya psikhologiya – Organizational Psychology, 2013, V. 3, no. 4, pp. 49–58 (in Russian).
Kaukiainen A., Salmivalli C., Björkqvist K., Österman K., Lahtinen A., Kostamo A., Lagerspetz K. Overt and covert aggression in work settings in relation to the subjective well-being of employees. Aggressive Behaviour, 2001, V. 27, no. 5, pp. 360–371. DOI: 10.1002/ab.1021
Pietersen С. A Diagnostic approach to measuring and managing workplace aggression. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 2005, V. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–5. DOI: 10.4102/sajhrm.v3i1.52
Kruzhkova O. V., Devyatovskaya I. V. Psychological aspects of highlighting the emotional basis of organizational vandalism. In: A. L. Zhuravlev, V. A. Kol'tsova (eds.) Fundamental'nye i prikladnye issledovaniya v sovremennoi psikhologii: rezul'taty i perspektivy razvitiya [Fundamental and applied research in modern psychology: results and prospects]. Moscow, Institute of Psychology, RAS Publ., 2017, pp. 1839–1846.
Ortega Escobar J., Alcázar Córcoles M. T. Neurobiology of aggression and violence [Neurobiología de la agresión y la violencia]. Anuario de Psicología Jurídica, 2016, V. 26, no. 1, pp. 60–69. DOI: 10.1016/j.apj.2016.03.001
Rosell D. R., Siever L. J. The neurobiology of aggression and violence. CNS Spectrums, 2015, V. 20, Special Issue 3, pp. 254–279. DOI: 10.1017/S109285291500019X
Özer Ö., Uğurluoğlu Ö., Saygılı M., Sonğur C. The impact of work alienation on organizational health: A field study in health sector. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 2017. DOI: 10.1080/20479700.2017.1312804
Welford A. T. Ergonomics: Where have we been and where are we going: I. Ergonomics, 1976, V. 19, Issue 3, pp. 275–286. DOI: 10.1080/00140137608931543
Csikszentmihalyi M., Larsen R. Intrinsic rewards in school crime. Applications of Flow in Human Development and Education. Dordrecht, Springer, 2014, pp. 271–284. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9094-9_14
Gudkov L. D. Rebirth of a “Soviet man” (a case of a research project of the Levada Center). Odysseus: Man in history – Odysseus: Man in History, 2007, no. 1, p. 398 (in Russian).
Schilling J. Organisationaler Zynismus als Herausforderung für Führungskräfte: Umgang mit destruktiven Einstellungen von Mitarbeitern. In: A. Gourmelon (Hrsg.) Herausforderung Führung – führen wollen, führen können, schwierige Situationen meistern. Heidelberg, Rehm, 2016, pp. 21–36.
Zábrodská K., Květon P. Šikana na pracovišti v prostředí českých univerzit: výskyt, formy a organizač ní souvislosti. Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review, 2012, V. 48, no. 4, pp. 641–668.
Momand H. Mobbing in der Arbeitswelt: Ursachen, Folgen und mögliche Lösungsansätze für ein verbessertes Arbeitsklima. Hamburg, Diplomica Verlag, 2011. 207 p.
Pryadein V. P. Psychological, pedagogical, and social aspects of the sense of duty. Pedagogicheskoe obrazovanie v Rossii – Pedagogical Education in Russia, 2015, no. 9, pp. 65–71 (in Russian).
Yarushkin N. N., Satonina N. N. Social fear as a regulator of individuals’ responsible behaviour. Vestnik Samarskoi gumanitarnoi akademii. Seriya: Psikhologiya – Bulletin of the Samara Humanitarian Academy. Series: Psychology, 2007, no. 1, pp. 78–84 (in Russian).
Karpov A. V. Psikhologiya menedzhmenta [Psychology of management]. Moscow, Gardariki Publ., 2005. 584 p.
Roos H.-E. Vandalism as a Symbolic Act in Free Zones. In: C. Harriet H., J. Darryll J., & B. Martha H. (eds.) Vandalism: Research, Prevention and Social Policy. Seattle, US Dept. of Agruculture, Pacific Northwest Research Station and University of Washington, 1992, pp. 71–87. Available at: http://portal.research.lu.se/portal/files/5546900/802127.pdf (Accessed 14 February 2018).
Bobocel D. R. Coping with unfair events constructively or destructively: The effects of overall justice and self–other orientation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2013, V. 98 (5), pp. 720–731. DOI: 10.1037/a0032857