Аннотация
В статье обосновывается теоретический подход к феноменам обеспокоенности и удовлетворенности своим внешним обликом (ВО) как относительно автономным явлениям. В ней, в отличие от других работ, рассматриваются представления студентов об оценках их ВО друзьями и родителями на различных этапах их жизненного пути, а также характеристики ВО, которые являются весьма значимыми для молодых людей, активно выстраивающих систему своих деловых, межличностных и семейных отношений. Изучались эстетические самооценки компонентов (лицо, тело, оформление внешнего облика) ВО, оценки студентами привлекательности своего ВО для противоположного пола, сексуальности, представленности в нем феминных и маскулинных черт. В исследовании проверялась гипотеза о различном влиянии обеспокоенности и удовлетворенности на эстетические оценки компонентов ВО, на оценки его привлекательности для противоположного пола, сексуальности, феминности-маскулинности, а также на представления о том, как оценивается ВО друзьями и родителями.
В исследовании приняли участие 89 студентов: 66 женщин и 23 мужчины в возрасте 19–21 года (М возраста = 20 лет). Применялся набор методик: опросник «Оценочно-содержательная интерпретация своего внешнего облика»; опросник «Представление об оценках внешнего облика родителями и друзьями на различных этапах жизненного пути»; анкета «Отношение к своему внешнему облику: удовлетворенность и обеспокоенность». Выполненное исследование фиксирует противоречивые связи между удовлетворенностью и обеспокоенностью студентов своим ВО. Результаты исследования частично подтверждают выдвинутую гипотезу и позволяют ее уточнить следующим образом: удовлетворенность ВО, влияя на самооценки ВО, в большей степени зависит от них, а обеспокоенность, воздействуя на некоторые самооценки ВО, остается в определенном смысле независимой от них. Обеспокоенность и удовлетворенность ВО могут функционировать относительно автономно в своем воздействии на самооценки ВО, как и воздействие самооценок ВО на обеспокоенность и удовлетворенность своим ВО.
Библиографические ссылки
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Venevceva Ju. L., Melnikov A. H., Perelomova I. V. Osobennosti adaptacii studentov-pervokursnikov, ne udovletvorennyh svoim [zicheskim oblikom [Features of adaptation of [rst-year students who are dissatis[ed with their physical appearance]. Psihologija telesnosti: teoreticheskie i prakticheskie issledovanija – Psychology of Corporeality: Theoretical and Practical Research. Penza, PSPU Publ., 2008. URL: http: // psyjournals.ru / psytelesnost / issue / 30455_full.shtml
Zhiljaev A. G., Poljanina M. A. Rol’ predstavlenija o sobstvennoj vneshnosti v problemah samootnoshenija zhenshhin-studentok [Role of perception of own appearance in self-evaluation of the problems of women-students]. Kazanskij pedagogicheskij zhurnal – Kazan Pedagogical Journal, 2010, no. 5–6, pp. 126–134.
Ilyin E. P. Jemocii i chuvstva [Emotions and feelings]. 2nd Ed. St. Petersburg, Piter, 2013, 783 p.
Kalinovskaja V. V., Skugarevskij O. A. “Obratnaja storona” vneshnej privlekatel’nosti: issledovanie komponentov obraza sobstvennogo tela u studentov BGMU [“Reverse side” of the attractive appearance: a study of the components of body image in students of BSMU]. Belorusskij medicinskij zhurnal – Belarusian Journal of Medicine, 2004, no. 3, pp. 7–28.
Kelina M. Ju., Marenova E. V., Meshkova T. A. Neudovletvorennost’ telom i vlijanie roditelej i sverstnikov kak faktory riska narushenij pishhevogo povedenija sredi devushek podrostkovogo i junosheskogo vozrasta [Body dissatisfaction and the inauence of parents and peers as risk factors for eating disorders among girls of teenage and youth age]. Psihologicheskaja nauka i obrazovanie – Psychological Science and Education, 2011, no. 5, pp. 44–51.
Kotova I. B., Berezhnaja A. M. Jempiricheskoe issledovanie soderzhanija predstavlenij o brachnom partnere u studentov pedagogicheskih vuzov [Empirical study of the content of the representations about marriage partner among students of pedagogical universities]. Rossijskij psihologicheskij zhurnal – Russian Psychological Journal, 2007, V. 4, no. 3, pp. 8–17.
Krupec Ja. N., Nartova N. A. “Hudoj znachit normal’nyj”: upravlenie telom v srede gorodskoj molodezhi [“Skinny means normal”: control of the body in the environment to urban youth]. Zhurnal issledovanij social’noj politiki – Journal of Social Policy Studies, 2014, V. 12, no. 4, pp. 523–538.
Labunskaja V. A. Ne jazyk tela, a jazyk dushi. Psihologija neverbal’nogo vyrazhenija lichnosti [No body language and the language of the soul. Psychology of nonverbal expression of personality]. Rostov-on-Don, Feniks, 2009, 344 p.
Labunskaya V. A. Problema udovletvorennosti vneshnim oblikom: subjektnyj podhod [The Problem of satisfaction in appearance: the subjective approach]. Nauchno-metodicheskij jelektronnyj zhurnal “Koncept” – Scientific- Methodical Electronic Journal “Concept”, 2014, V. 20, pp. 3856–3860.
Pogonceva D. V. Predstavlenija sovremennoj molodezhi o vneshnej krasote zhenshhiny [Representations of modern youth about the external beauty of a woman]. Rossijskij psihologicheskij zhurnal – Russian Psychological Journal, 2008, V. 5, no. 4, pp. 110–112.
Ramsi N., Harkort D. Psihologija vneshnosti [ The Psychology of Appearance]. Transl. from Engl. under the Ed. of A. P. Fedorov. St. Petersburg, Piter, 2009, 256 p.
Tataurova S. S. Sravnitel’noe kross-kul’tural’noe issledovanie obraza tela kak kognitivnoj struktury samosoznanija [Comparative cross-cultural study of body image as cognitive structure of self-consciousness]. Vestnik Juzhno-Ural’skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija: Psihologija – Bulletin of South Ural State University. Series: Psychology, 2012, no. 31, pp. 18–24.
Ulybina E. V. Svjaz’ otnoshenija k telu s gendernymi harakteristikami v junosheskom vozraste [The Relationship of body attitude to gender characteristics in adolescence]. Psihologicheskie issledovanija – Psychological Research, 2011, no. 4 (18). URL: http: // psystudy.ru / index.php. – 10.03.2014
Harevich N. R., Tischenko E. M., Butevich Ju. V. Jesteticheskoe vosprijatie sobstvennoj vneshnosti studentkami medicinskogo universiteta [Aesthetic perception of their own appearance by students of the medical university]. Zhurnal Grodnenskogo gosudarstvennogo medicinskogo universiteta – Journal of Grodno State Medical University, 2010, no. 4 (32), pp. 64–65.
Curkin V. A., Razuvaeva T. N. Osobennosti [zicheskogo Ja u lits s raznymi tipami privjazannosti k materi [Features of the physical Self, in persons with different types of attachment to mother]. Nauchnye vedomosti Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogouniversiteta. Serija: Gumanitarnye nauki– Scientific Statements of Belgorod State University. Series: Humanities, 2013, V. 20, no. 27 (170), pp. 308–313.
Cherkashina A. G. Metodika issledovanija samootnoshenija k obrazu [zicheskogo Ja [Technique of research of self-evaluation to the image of the physical Self ]. Vestnik Samarskoj gumanitarnoj akademii. Serija “Psihologija” – Bulletin of Samara Humanitarian Academy. Series “Psychology”, 2008, no. 2 (4), pp. 71–89.
Cherkashina A. G. Osobennosti samootnoshenija k obrazu [zicheskogo Ja v zavisimosti ot real’nosti telesnogo samovosprijatija [The Peculiarities of Self to the image of the physical Self, depending on the reality of bodily self-perception]. Vestnik Samarskoj gumanitarnoj akademii. Serija “Psihologija” – Bulletin of Samara Humanitarian Academy. Series “Psychology”, 2012, no. 1 (11), pp. 75–91.
Cherkashina A. G., Cherkashin V. I. Obraz [zicheskogo Ja v samootnoshenii devushek 17–18 let [The image of the physical Self in the attitude of the girls 17–18 years of age]. Psihologija telesnosti: teoreticheskie i prakticheskie issledovanija – Psychology of Corporeality: Theoretical and Practical Research. Penza, PSPU Publ., 2008. URL: http: // psyjournals.ru / psytelesnost / issue / 30454.shtml
Sharaj T. P. Vlijanie otnoshenija k svoemu telu i polovoj prinadlezhnosti na samootnoshenie lichnosti [Effect of relationship to the body and gender on self-attitude of the personality]. Psihologija telesnosti: teoreticheskie i prakticheskie issledovanija – Psychology of Corporeality: Theoretical and Practical Research. Penza, PSPU Publ., 2008. URL: http: // psyjournals.ru / psytelesnost / issue / 30454.shtml
Carr A., Harris D., James Ch. The Derriford Appearance Scale (DAS-59): A new scale to measure individual responses to living with problems of appearance // British Journal of Health Psychology, 2000, no. 5, pp. 201– 215.
Harris D., Carr A. The Derriford Appearance Scale (DAS59): a new psychometric scale for the evaluation of patients with dis[gurements and aesthetic problems of appearance // British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 2001, no. 54, pp. 216–222.
Harris D. L., Carr A. T. Prevalence of concern about physical appearance in the general population // British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 2001, V. 54, pp. 223–226. doi:10.1054 / bjps.2001.3550
Jankowski G., Diedrichs P., Williamson C., Harcourt H., Christopher G. Looking age-appropriate while growing old gracefully: A qualitative study of ageing and body image among older adults // Journal of Health Psychology, 2014. URL: http: // eprints.uwe.ac.uk / 22982
McClendon B. T., Prentice-Dunn S., Blake R., McMath B. The role of appearance concern in responses to intervention to reduce skin cancer risk // Health Education, 2002, V. 102, I. 2, pp. 76–83. URL: http: // dx.doi.org / 10.1108 / 09654280210419009
Moss T. P., Lawson V., White P. Salience and Valence of Appearance in a Population with a Visible Difference of Appearance: Direct and Moderated Relationships with Self-Consciousness, Anxiety and Depression // PLoS – Public Library of Science ONE, 2014, 9 (2), e88435. doi:10.1371 / journal. pone.0088435
Mulgrew K. E., Cragg D. N. C. Age differences in body image responses to idealized male [gures in music television // J. Health Psychology, 2015. doi:10.1177 / 1359105315616177
Pliner P., Chaiken S., Flett G. Gender differences in concern with body weight and physical appearance over the life span // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1990, V. 16 (2), p5. 263–273. doi:10.1177 / 0146167290162007. URL: http: // dx.doi.org / 10.1177 / 0146167290162007
Rodin J., Silberstein L., Streigel M. Women and weight: a normative discontent // Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 32: Psychology and Gender, 1985, pp. 267–308.
Stock N. M. Culture clash: Appearance concerns in black and minority ethnic groups // Journal of Aesthetic Nursing, 2014, 3 (7), pp. 294–295.
Varlashkina E. A. Lichnostnyeprediktoryudovletvorennostiobrazom fizicheskogo Ja u zhenshhin v period zrelosti: diss. … kand. psihol. nauk [Personality predictors of satisfaction with the physical Self-Image of women in the period of maturity: Diss. … Cand. of Psychol. Sciences]. Omsk Publ., 2015, 170 p.
Varlashkina E. A., Dementij L. I. Perfekcionizm kak lichnostnaja determinanta otnoshenija k vneshnosti [Perfectionism as personality determinants of attitudes towards the appearance]. Psihologicheskij vestnik Ural’skogo gosudarstvennogouniversiteta– Psychological Bulletin of the Ural State University. Ekaterinburg, Ural. Univ. Publ., 2010, V. 9, pp. 5–15.
Venevceva Ju. L., Melnikov A. H., Perelomova I. V. Osobennosti adaptacii studentov-pervokursnikov, ne udovletvorennyh svoim [zicheskim oblikom [Features of adaptation of [rst-year students who are dissatis[ed with their physical appearance]. Psihologija telesnosti: teoreticheskie i prakticheskie issledovanija – Psychology of Corporeality: Theoretical and Practical Research. Penza, PSPU Publ., 2008. URL: http: // psyjournals.ru / psytelesnost / issue / 30455_full.shtml
Zhiljaev A. G., Poljanina M. A. Rol’ predstavlenija o sobstvennoj vneshnosti v problemah samootnoshenija zhenshhin-studentok [Role of perception of own appearance in self-evaluation of the problems of women-students]. Kazanskij pedagogicheskij zhurnal – Kazan Pedagogical Journal, 2010, no. 5–6, pp. 126–134.
Ilyin E. P. Jemocii i chuvstva [Emotions and feelings]. 2nd Ed. St. Petersburg, Piter, 2013, 783 p.
Kalinovskaja V. V., Skugarevskij O. A. “Obratnaja storona” vneshnej privlekatel’nosti: issledovanie komponentov obraza sobstvennogo tela u studentov BGMU [“Reverse side” of the attractive appearance: a study of the components of body image in students of BSMU]. Belorusskij medicinskij zhurnal – Belarusian Journal of Medicine, 2004, no. 3, pp. 7–28.
Kelina M. Ju., Marenova E. V., Meshkova T. A. Neudovletvorennost’ telom i vlijanie roditelej i sverstnikov kak faktory riska narushenij pishhevogo povedenija sredi devushek podrostkovogo i junosheskogo vozrasta [Body dissatisfaction and the inauence of parents and peers as risk factors for eating disorders among girls of teenage and youth age]. Psihologicheskaja nauka i obrazovanie – Psychological Science and Education, 2011, no. 5, pp. 44–51.
Kotova I. B., Berezhnaja A. M. Jempiricheskoe issledovanie soderzhanija predstavlenij o brachnom partnere u studentov pedagogicheskih vuzov [Empirical study of the content of the representations about marriage partner among students of pedagogical universities]. Rossijskij psihologicheskij zhurnal – Russian Psychological Journal, 2007, V. 4, no. 3, pp. 8–17.
Krupec Ja. N., Nartova N. A. “Hudoj znachit normal’nyj”: upravlenie telom v srede gorodskoj molodezhi [“Skinny means normal”: control of the body in the environment to urban youth]. Zhurnal issledovanij social’noj politiki – Journal of Social Policy Studies, 2014, V. 12, no. 4, pp. 523–538.
Labunskaja V. A. Ne jazyk tela, a jazyk dushi. Psihologija neverbal’nogo vyrazhenija lichnosti [No body language and the language of the soul. Psychology of nonverbal expression of personality]. Rostov-on-Don, Feniks, 2009, 344 p.
Labunskaya V. A. Problema udovletvorennosti vneshnim oblikom: subjektnyj podhod [The Problem of satisfaction in appearance: the subjective approach]. Nauchno-metodicheskij jelektronnyj zhurnal “Koncept” – Scientific- Methodical Electronic Journal “Concept”, 2014, V. 20, pp. 3856–3860.
Pogonceva D. V. Predstavlenija sovremennoj molodezhi o vneshnej krasote zhenshhiny [Representations of modern youth about the external beauty of a woman]. Rossijskij psihologicheskij zhurnal – Russian Psychological Journal, 2008, V. 5, no. 4, pp. 110–112.
Ramsi N., Harkort D. Psihologija vneshnosti [ The Psychology of Appearance]. Transl. from Engl. under the Ed. of A. P. Fedorov. St. Petersburg, Piter, 2009, 256 p.
Tataurova S. S. Sravnitel’noe kross-kul’tural’noe issledovanie obraza tela kak kognitivnoj struktury samosoznanija [Comparative cross-cultural study of body image as cognitive structure of self-consciousness]. Vestnik Juzhno-Ural’skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija: Psihologija – Bulletin of South Ural State University. Series: Psychology, 2012, no. 31, pp. 18–24.
Ulybina E. V. Svjaz’ otnoshenija k telu s gendernymi harakteristikami v junosheskom vozraste [The Relationship of body attitude to gender characteristics in adolescence]. Psihologicheskie issledovanija – Psychological Research, 2011, no. 4 (18). URL: http: // psystudy.ru / index.php. – 10.03.2014
Harevich N. R., Tischenko E. M., Butevich Ju. V. Jesteticheskoe vosprijatie sobstvennoj vneshnosti studentkami medicinskogo universiteta [Aesthetic perception of their own appearance by students of the medical university]. Zhurnal Grodnenskogo gosudarstvennogo medicinskogo universiteta – Journal of Grodno State Medical University, 2010, no. 4 (32), pp. 64–65.
Curkin V. A., Razuvaeva T. N. Osobennosti [zicheskogo Ja u lits s raznymi tipami privjazannosti k materi [Features of the physical Self, in persons with different types of attachment to mother]. Nauchnye vedomosti Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogouniversiteta. Serija: Gumanitarnye nauki– Scientific Statements of Belgorod State University. Series: Humanities, 2013, V. 20, no. 27 (170), pp. 308–313.
Cherkashina A. G. Metodika issledovanija samootnoshenija k obrazu [zicheskogo Ja [Technique of research of self-evaluation to the image of the physical Self ]. Vestnik Samarskoj gumanitarnoj akademii. Serija “Psihologija” – Bulletin of Samara Humanitarian Academy. Series “Psychology”, 2008, no. 2 (4), pp. 71–89.
Cherkashina A. G. Osobennosti samootnoshenija k obrazu [zicheskogo Ja v zavisimosti ot real’nosti telesnogo samovosprijatija [The Peculiarities of Self to the image of the physical Self, depending on the reality of bodily self-perception]. Vestnik Samarskoj gumanitarnoj akademii. Serija “Psihologija” – Bulletin of Samara Humanitarian Academy. Series “Psychology”, 2012, no. 1 (11), pp. 75–91.
Cherkashina A. G., Cherkashin V. I. Obraz [zicheskogo Ja v samootnoshenii devushek 17–18 let [The image of the physical Self in the attitude of the girls 17–18 years of age]. Psihologija telesnosti: teoreticheskie i prakticheskie issledovanija – Psychology of Corporeality: Theoretical and Practical Research. Penza, PSPU Publ., 2008. URL: http: // psyjournals.ru / psytelesnost / issue / 30454.shtml
Sharaj T. P. Vlijanie otnoshenija k svoemu telu i polovoj prinadlezhnosti na samootnoshenie lichnosti [Effect of relationship to the body and gender on self-attitude of the personality]. Psihologija telesnosti: teoreticheskie i prakticheskie issledovanija – Psychology of Corporeality: Theoretical and Practical Research. Penza, PSPU Publ., 2008. URL: http: // psyjournals.ru / psytelesnost / issue / 30454.shtml
Carr A., Harris D., James Ch. The Derriford Appearance Scale (DAS-59): A new scale to measure individual responses to living with problems of appearance // British Journal of Health Psychology, 2000, no. 5, pp. 201– 215.
Harris D., Carr A. The Derriford Appearance Scale (DAS59): a new psychometric scale for the evaluation of patients with dis[gurements and aesthetic problems of appearance // British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 2001, no. 54, pp. 216–222.
Harris D. L., Carr A. T. Prevalence of concern about physical appearance in the general population // British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 2001, V. 54, pp. 223–226. doi:10.1054 / bjps.2001.3550
Jankowski G., Diedrichs P., Williamson C., Harcourt H., Christopher G. Looking age-appropriate while growing old gracefully: A qualitative study of ageing and body image among older adults // Journal of Health Psychology, 2014. URL: http: // eprints.uwe.ac.uk / 22982
McClendon B. T., Prentice-Dunn S., Blake R., McMath B. The role of appearance concern in responses to intervention to reduce skin cancer risk // Health Education, 2002, V. 102, I. 2, pp. 76–83. URL: http: // dx.doi.org / 10.1108 / 09654280210419009
Moss T. P., Lawson V., White P. Salience and Valence of Appearance in a Population with a Visible Difference of Appearance: Direct and Moderated Relationships with Self-Consciousness, Anxiety and Depression // PLoS – Public Library of Science ONE, 2014, 9 (2), e88435. doi:10.1371 / journal. pone.0088435
Mulgrew K. E., Cragg D. N. C. Age differences in body image responses to idealized male [gures in music television // J. Health Psychology, 2015. doi:10.1177 / 1359105315616177
Pliner P., Chaiken S., Flett G. Gender differences in concern with body weight and physical appearance over the life span // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1990, V. 16 (2), p5. 263–273. doi:10.1177 / 0146167290162007. URL: http: // dx.doi.org / 10.1177 / 0146167290162007
Rodin J., Silberstein L., Streigel M. Women and weight: a normative discontent // Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 32: Psychology and Gender, 1985, pp. 267–308.
Stock N. M. Culture clash: Appearance concerns in black and minority ethnic groups // Journal of Aesthetic Nursing, 2014, 3 (7), pp. 294–295.