Аннотация
Введение. Авторами обосновывается актуальность исследования в связи с изменением современной демографической ситуации и необходимостью поиска психологических возможностей формирования позитивного образа старости. На основании анализа публикаций конкретизируется определение успешного старения. Цель исследования заключается в анализе значения сохранности жизненных ресурсов как важного условия мобилизации потенциала успешного старения. В качестве обоснования логики эмпирической части представлен ряд теоретических предпосылок, объединенных вытеснением доминирования инволюционной парадигмы старения и полноправным принятием парадигмы успешного старения. Новизна исследования заключается в том, что показана роль целенаправленно организованной творческой деятельности в реализации потенциального жизненного опыта для поддержания успешного старения. Материалы и методы. В разделе представлена характеристика испытуемых – 130 человек в возрасте от 56 до 84 лет, проживающих на территории Камчатского края. Описываются методики: экспресс-методика оценки когнитивных функций при нормальном старении (Н. К. Корсакова, Е. Ю. Балашова, И. Ф. Рощина); тест жизнестойкости S. R. Maddi, S. Kobasa (адаптация Д. А. Леонтьева, Е. И. Рассказовой); шкала психологического благополучия К. Рифф (адаптация Т. Д. Шевеленковой, Т. П. Фесенко); анкета «Субъективное восприятие своей жизни» (Е. Н. Чуева, В. А. Наумова). Представлен дизайн исследования.
Результаты. В данном разделе приводятся результаты эмпирического исследования эффективности участия старого человека в целенаправленно организованной деятельности в арт-группе для реализации потенциала успешного старения. Доказано, что сохранение когнитивного ресурса и саморегулирующих способностей личности в старости – это условие актуализации потенциального жизненного опыта.
Обсуждение результатов. Рассматривается значение реализации жизненного опыта в старости как субъекта своей жизнедеятельности и возможной позитивной жизненной перспективы. Анализируются причины, затрудняющие использование жизненного опыта как потенциала успешного старения.
Библиографические ссылки
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Ermolaeva M. V. Life experience as a criterion for personal development in the elderly. Mir psikhologii – World of Psychology, 2007, no. 3 (51), pp. 145–152 (in Russian).
Glozman J., Naumova V. Art-therapy for mobilizing personal resources in the elderly. In: Buchanan V. (ed.) Art therapy: Programs, uses and benefits. Nova Science Publishers USA, 2016, pp. 113–128.
Melekhin A. I. Quality of life in the elderly and senile age: Problematic issues. Sovremennaya zarubezhnaya psikhologiya – Modern Foreign Psychology, 2016, V. 5, no. 1, pp. 53–63 (in Russian). DOI: 10.17759/jmfp.2016050107
Strizhitskaya O. Yu. Approaches to empirical study of gerotranscendence. Mir Nauki – World of Science, 2017, V. 5, no. 6, pp. 1–10 (in Russian). Available at: https://mir-nauki. com/PDF / 11PSMN617.pdf (Accessed 16 August 2018).
Johnson M. L. (ed.) The Cambridge handbook of age and ageing. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2005. 772 p. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511610714
Havighurst R. J. Successful aging. The Gerontologist, 1961, no. 1, pp. 8−13.
Rowe J. W., Kahn R. L. Successful aging. New York, Random House, Pantheon Books, 1998. 265 p.
Stowe J. D., Cooney T. M. Examining Rowe and Kahn’s concept of successful aging: Importance of taking a life course perspective. The Gerontologist, 2015, V. 55, Issue 1, pp. 43–50. DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnu055
Whitley E., Popham F., Benzeval M. Comparison of the Rowe–Kahn model of successful aging with self-rated health and life satisfaction: The West of Scotland twenty-07 prospective cohort study. The Gerontologist, 2016. V. 56, Issue 6, pp. 1082–1092. DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnv054
Bel'tsova I. A. The ‘successful aging’ concept as a normative construct for a positive image of old age in a democratic society. Vestnik ekonomiki, prava i sotsiologii – Bulletin of Economics, Law and Sociology, 2012, no. 1, pp. 283–288 (in Russian).
Shapovalenko I. V. MacArthur study of successful aging: on the way to a new gerontology: Abstract review of the Successful Aging book by Rowe J. W. and Kahn R. L. Journal of Modern Foreign Psychology, 2017, V. 6, no. 3, pp. 13–21 (in Russian). DOI: 10.17759/jmfp.2017060302
Shakhmatov N. F. Psikhicheskoe starenie: schastlivoe i boleznennoe [Mental aging: Happy and painful]. Moscow, Meditsina Publ., 1996. 304 p.
Fernández-Ballesteros R., Kruse A., Zamarrón M. D. & Caprara M. G. Quality of life, life satisfaction and positive ageing. In: Fernández-Ballesteros R. (ed.) GeroPsychology: European perspectives for an ageing world. Göttingen, Hogrefe & Huber, 2007, pp. 196–223.
Fernández-Ballesteros R., & Díez-Nicolás J. Active aging. Mandatory retirement and a barrier. In: Becker H. A. & Schroots J. J. F. (eds.) Releasing the potentials of senior scholars and scientists emerging productivity in a new era. Amsterdam, ERGO, European Research Institute on Health and Aging, 2008, pp. 81–109.
Bryant L. L., Corbett K. K., Kutner J. S. In their own words: a model of healthy aging. Social Science & Medicine, 2001, V. 53, pp. 927–941.
Chueva E. N. Psikhologicheskie usloviya konstruktivnogo razvitiya lichnosti v period zrelosti [Psychological conditions of personal constructive development in the period of maturity]. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, Kamchatka State University Publ, 2005. 186 p.
Surikova Ya. A. Characteristics of time perspective in the elderly living under conditions of social exclusion. Seriya “Gumanitarnye nauki” – Bulletin of Kamchatka Regional Association “Educational-Scientific Center”: Series Humanities, 2011, no. 2 (18), pp. 90–97 (in Russian).
Naumova V. A. Optimizatsiya lichnostnykh resursov na etape pozdnei zrelosti [Optimization of personal resources in late maturity]. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, Kamchatka State University Publ, 2014. 284 p.
Al'mukanov K. G. Successful aging: A retrospective analysis and current state. Fundamental'nye issledovaniya – Fundamental Research, 2014, no. 8, pp. 212–216 (in Russian). Available at: https://fundamental-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=34537 (Accessed 26 August 2018).
Strizhitskaya O. Yu. Self-determination in late adulthood and aging: Theoretical approaches and problems. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Seriya 12: Psikhologiya. Sotsiologiya. Pedagogika – Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Series 12: Psychology. Sociology. Pedagogics, 2013, no. 4, pp. 118–127 (in Russian).
Golovei L. A., Strizhitskaya O. Yu., Kriulina A. V. Positive functioning of personality in the elderly: A comprehensive approach. Psychological Studies, 2014, V. 7, no. 36, p. 9 (in Russian). Available at: http://psystudy.ru/index.php/num/2014v7n36/1020-golovey36.html (Accessed 26 August 2018).
Strizhitskaya O. Aging in Russia. The Gerontologist, 2016, V. 56, Issue 5, pp. 795–799.
Leont'ev D. A. Self-regulation, resources, and personal potential. Sibirskii psikhologicheskii zhurnal – Siberian Psychological Journal, 2016, no. 62, pp. 18–37 (in Russian). DOI: 10.17223/17267080/62/3
Aleksandrova M. D. Problemy sotsial'noi i psikhologicheskoi gerontologii [Issues of social and psychological gerontology]. Leningrad, LSU Publ., 1974. 135 p.
Anan'ev B. G. Chelovek kak predmet poznaniya [Man as an object of knowledge]. St. Petersburg, Piter Publ., 2001. 288 p.
Stern Y. Cognitive reserve. Neuropsychologia, 2009, V. 47, Issue 10, pp. 2015–2028. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.004
Strizhitskaya O. Yu. Cognitive reserve as a psychological and psychophysiological resource in aging. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Seriya 16 – Bulletin of St. Petersburg University: Series 12, 2016, V. 2, pp. 79–87 (in Russian). DOI: 10.21638/11701/spbu16.2016.209
Cho J., Martin P., Poon L. W. Successful aging and subjective well-being among oldest-old adults. The Gerontologist, 2015, V. 55, Issue 1, pp. 132–143. DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnu074
Tatenko V. O. A subject of mental activity: Search for a new paradigm. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal, 1995, V. 16, no. 3, pp. 23–34 (in Russian).
Bodalev A. A. Akme as an effect of personal realization in adults’ socialization and individualization. Mir psikhologii – World of Psychology, 1998, no. 1, pp. 59–66 (in Russian).
Erikson E. H. The life cycle completed. N. Y., 1982. 108 p.
Davedyuk E. P. Self-determination and its individual manifestations in the elderly. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Ser. 16 – Bulletin of St. Petersburg University: Series 16, 2014, V. 2, pp. 51–57 (in Russian).
Deci E. L., Vansteenkiste M. Self-determination theory and basic need satisfaction: Understanding human development in positive psychology. Ricerche di Psichologia, 2004, V. 27, no. 1, pp. 23–40.
Leont'ev D. A. New reference points for understanding personality in psychology: From the necessary towards the possible. In: Leont'ev D. A. Lichnostnyi potentsial: struktura i diagnostika [Personal potential: Structure and diagnosis]. Moscow, Smysl Publ., 2011, pp. 12–41.
Korsakova N. K., Balashova E. Yu., Roshchina I. F. Express-method of assessment of cognitive functions in aging. Psychological Studies, 2009, no. 3 (5) (in Russian). Available at: http://psystudy.ru/num/2009n3-5/176-korsakova5 (Accessed 30 June 2018).
Antsyferova L. I. Psychology of ageing: Fatures of development of personality in late adulthood. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal, 2001, V. 22, no. 3, pp. 86–99 (in Russian).
Leont'ev D. A., Rasskazova E. I. Test zhiznestoikosti [Resilience test]. Moscow, Smysl Publ., 2006. 63 p.
Shevelenkova T. D., Fesenko T. P. Psychological well-being of personality. Psikhologicheskaya diagnostika – Psychological Diagnostics, 2005, no. 3, pp. 95–121 (in Russian).
Kopytin A. I. Sistemnaya art-terapiya: teoreticheskoe obosnovanie, metodologiya primeneniya, lechebno-reabilitatsionnye i destigmatiziruyushchie effekty [Systems art therapy: theoretical basis, methodology of application, therapeutic, rehabilitation and destigmatising effects]. Diss. Dr. Sci. (Med.). St. Petersburg, 2010. 311 p.
Vygotskii L. S. Razvitie vysshikh psikhicheskikh funktsii [Development of higher mental functions]. Moscow, APN RSFSR Publ., 1960. 500 p.
El'kin V. M. Teatr tsveta i melodii Vashikh strastei. Tsvetovaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya shedevrami iskusstva. Garmonizatsiya tsvetovykh programm zhizni i Vashi tainye sposobnosti [Theatre of color and melodies of your passions: Color psychology and psychotherapy by means of art masterpieces: Harmonization of color programs of life and your secret abilities]. St. Petersburg, Petropolis Publ., 2005. 292 p.
Kopytin A. I., Platts Dzh. Rukovodstvo po fototerapii [A guide to phototherapy]. Moscow, Kogito-Tsentr Publ., 2009. 184 p.
Kopytin A. I., Kort B. Tekhniki telesno-orientirovannoi art-terapii [Techniques of body-oriented art therapy]. Moscow, Psikhoterapiya Publ., 2011. 128 p.
Kotova I. B., Groza I. V. Personal life resource as a psychological condition of a positive outlook. Prikladnaya psikhologiya i psikhoanaliz – Applied Psychology and Psychoanalysis, 2012, no. 2, p. 6 (in Russian).
Strizhitskaya O. Y., Davedyuk E. P. Self-determination structure in aging: From theory to practice. Proceedings of the 3rd Annual International Conference on Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology (CBP 2014). Singapore, 2014, pp. 56–59.
Melekhin A. I. Model of the mental: Trajectory of changes in elderly and senile age. Konsul'tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya – Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, 2016, V. 24, no. 1, pp. 24–43 (in Russian). DOI: 10.17759/cpp.2016240103
Shmidt V. V. Periodization of mental development in the methodology of psychological research. Psikhologiya zrelosti i stareniya – Psychology of Maturity and Aging, 2002, no. 1 (17), pp. 6–17 (in Russian).
Barulli D., Stern Y. Efficiency, capacity, compensation, maintenance, plasticity: emerging concepts in cognitive reserve. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2013, V. 17, Issue 10, pp. 502–509. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2013.08.012
Calasanti T. Combating ageism: How successful is successful aging? The Gerontologist, 2016, V. 56, Issue 6, pp. 1093–1101. DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnv076
Selivanov V. V. Myshlenie v lichnostnom razvitii sub"ekta [Thinking in personal development of the subject]. Smolensk, Universum Publ., 2003. 311 p.
Maddi S. R. The personality construct of hardiness: I. Effects on experiencing, coping, and strain. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 1999, V. 51 (2), pp. 83–94. DOI: 10.1037/1061-4087.51.2.83
Maddi S. R., Harvey R. H. Hardiness considered across cultures. In: Handbook of multicultural perspectives on stress and coping. N. Y, Springer, 2006, pp. 409–426.
Ball G. A. Psychological content of personal freedom: Essence and components. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal, 1997, V. 18, no. 5, pp. 7–19 (in Russian).
Emmons R. The psychology of ultimate concerns: Motivation and spirituality in personality. New York, Guilford Press, 1999 (Russ. ed.: Emmons R. Psikhologiya vysshikh ustremlenii. Motivatsiya i dukhovnost' lichnosti. Moscow, 2004. 416 p.).
Glukhanyuk N. S., Gershkovich T. B. Pozdnii vozrast i strategii ego osvoeniya [Late age and the strategy of its development]. Ekaterinburg, Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University Publ., 2003. 112 p.
Ermolaeva M. V. Life experience as a criterion for personal development in the elderly. Mir psikhologii – World of Psychology, 2007, no. 3 (51), pp. 145–152 (in Russian).
Glozman J., Naumova V. Art-therapy for mobilizing personal resources in the elderly. In: Buchanan V. (ed.) Art therapy: Programs, uses and benefits. Nova Science Publishers USA, 2016, pp. 113–128.
Melekhin A. I. Quality of life in the elderly and senile age: Problematic issues. Sovremennaya zarubezhnaya psikhologiya – Modern Foreign Psychology, 2016, V. 5, no. 1, pp. 53–63 (in Russian). DOI: 10.17759/jmfp.2016050107
Strizhitskaya O. Yu. Approaches to empirical study of gerotranscendence. Mir Nauki – World of Science, 2017, V. 5, no. 6, pp. 1–10 (in Russian). Available at: https://mir-nauki. com/PDF / 11PSMN617.pdf (Accessed 16 August 2018).
Johnson M. L. (ed.) The Cambridge handbook of age and ageing. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2005. 772 p. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511610714
Havighurst R. J. Successful aging. The Gerontologist, 1961, no. 1, pp. 8−13.
Rowe J. W., Kahn R. L. Successful aging. New York, Random House, Pantheon Books, 1998. 265 p.
Stowe J. D., Cooney T. M. Examining Rowe and Kahn’s concept of successful aging: Importance of taking a life course perspective. The Gerontologist, 2015, V. 55, Issue 1, pp. 43–50. DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnu055
Whitley E., Popham F., Benzeval M. Comparison of the Rowe–Kahn model of successful aging with self-rated health and life satisfaction: The West of Scotland twenty-07 prospective cohort study. The Gerontologist, 2016. V. 56, Issue 6, pp. 1082–1092. DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnv054
Bel'tsova I. A. The ‘successful aging’ concept as a normative construct for a positive image of old age in a democratic society. Vestnik ekonomiki, prava i sotsiologii – Bulletin of Economics, Law and Sociology, 2012, no. 1, pp. 283–288 (in Russian).
Shapovalenko I. V. MacArthur study of successful aging: on the way to a new gerontology: Abstract review of the Successful Aging book by Rowe J. W. and Kahn R. L. Journal of Modern Foreign Psychology, 2017, V. 6, no. 3, pp. 13–21 (in Russian). DOI: 10.17759/jmfp.2017060302
Shakhmatov N. F. Psikhicheskoe starenie: schastlivoe i boleznennoe [Mental aging: Happy and painful]. Moscow, Meditsina Publ., 1996. 304 p.
Fernández-Ballesteros R., Kruse A., Zamarrón M. D. & Caprara M. G. Quality of life, life satisfaction and positive ageing. In: Fernández-Ballesteros R. (ed.) GeroPsychology: European perspectives for an ageing world. Göttingen, Hogrefe & Huber, 2007, pp. 196–223.
Fernández-Ballesteros R., & Díez-Nicolás J. Active aging. Mandatory retirement and a barrier. In: Becker H. A. & Schroots J. J. F. (eds.) Releasing the potentials of senior scholars and scientists emerging productivity in a new era. Amsterdam, ERGO, European Research Institute on Health and Aging, 2008, pp. 81–109.
Bryant L. L., Corbett K. K., Kutner J. S. In their own words: a model of healthy aging. Social Science & Medicine, 2001, V. 53, pp. 927–941.
Chueva E. N. Psikhologicheskie usloviya konstruktivnogo razvitiya lichnosti v period zrelosti [Psychological conditions of personal constructive development in the period of maturity]. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, Kamchatka State University Publ, 2005. 186 p.
Surikova Ya. A. Characteristics of time perspective in the elderly living under conditions of social exclusion. Seriya “Gumanitarnye nauki” – Bulletin of Kamchatka Regional Association “Educational-Scientific Center”: Series Humanities, 2011, no. 2 (18), pp. 90–97 (in Russian).
Naumova V. A. Optimizatsiya lichnostnykh resursov na etape pozdnei zrelosti [Optimization of personal resources in late maturity]. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, Kamchatka State University Publ, 2014. 284 p.
Al'mukanov K. G. Successful aging: A retrospective analysis and current state. Fundamental'nye issledovaniya – Fundamental Research, 2014, no. 8, pp. 212–216 (in Russian). Available at: https://fundamental-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=34537 (Accessed 26 August 2018).
Strizhitskaya O. Yu. Self-determination in late adulthood and aging: Theoretical approaches and problems. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Seriya 12: Psikhologiya. Sotsiologiya. Pedagogika – Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Series 12: Psychology. Sociology. Pedagogics, 2013, no. 4, pp. 118–127 (in Russian).
Golovei L. A., Strizhitskaya O. Yu., Kriulina A. V. Positive functioning of personality in the elderly: A comprehensive approach. Psychological Studies, 2014, V. 7, no. 36, p. 9 (in Russian). Available at: http://psystudy.ru/index.php/num/2014v7n36/1020-golovey36.html (Accessed 26 August 2018).
Strizhitskaya O. Aging in Russia. The Gerontologist, 2016, V. 56, Issue 5, pp. 795–799.
Leont'ev D. A. Self-regulation, resources, and personal potential. Sibirskii psikhologicheskii zhurnal – Siberian Psychological Journal, 2016, no. 62, pp. 18–37 (in Russian). DOI: 10.17223/17267080/62/3
Aleksandrova M. D. Problemy sotsial'noi i psikhologicheskoi gerontologii [Issues of social and psychological gerontology]. Leningrad, LSU Publ., 1974. 135 p.
Anan'ev B. G. Chelovek kak predmet poznaniya [Man as an object of knowledge]. St. Petersburg, Piter Publ., 2001. 288 p.
Stern Y. Cognitive reserve. Neuropsychologia, 2009, V. 47, Issue 10, pp. 2015–2028. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.004
Strizhitskaya O. Yu. Cognitive reserve as a psychological and psychophysiological resource in aging. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Seriya 16 – Bulletin of St. Petersburg University: Series 12, 2016, V. 2, pp. 79–87 (in Russian). DOI: 10.21638/11701/spbu16.2016.209
Cho J., Martin P., Poon L. W. Successful aging and subjective well-being among oldest-old adults. The Gerontologist, 2015, V. 55, Issue 1, pp. 132–143. DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnu074
Tatenko V. O. A subject of mental activity: Search for a new paradigm. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal, 1995, V. 16, no. 3, pp. 23–34 (in Russian).
Bodalev A. A. Akme as an effect of personal realization in adults’ socialization and individualization. Mir psikhologii – World of Psychology, 1998, no. 1, pp. 59–66 (in Russian).
Erikson E. H. The life cycle completed. N. Y., 1982. 108 p.
Davedyuk E. P. Self-determination and its individual manifestations in the elderly. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Ser. 16 – Bulletin of St. Petersburg University: Series 16, 2014, V. 2, pp. 51–57 (in Russian).
Deci E. L., Vansteenkiste M. Self-determination theory and basic need satisfaction: Understanding human development in positive psychology. Ricerche di Psichologia, 2004, V. 27, no. 1, pp. 23–40.
Leont'ev D. A. New reference points for understanding personality in psychology: From the necessary towards the possible. In: Leont'ev D. A. Lichnostnyi potentsial: struktura i diagnostika [Personal potential: Structure and diagnosis]. Moscow, Smysl Publ., 2011, pp. 12–41.
Korsakova N. K., Balashova E. Yu., Roshchina I. F. Express-method of assessment of cognitive functions in aging. Psychological Studies, 2009, no. 3 (5) (in Russian). Available at: http://psystudy.ru/num/2009n3-5/176-korsakova5 (Accessed 30 June 2018).
Antsyferova L. I. Psychology of ageing: Fatures of development of personality in late adulthood. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal, 2001, V. 22, no. 3, pp. 86–99 (in Russian).
Leont'ev D. A., Rasskazova E. I. Test zhiznestoikosti [Resilience test]. Moscow, Smysl Publ., 2006. 63 p.
Shevelenkova T. D., Fesenko T. P. Psychological well-being of personality. Psikhologicheskaya diagnostika – Psychological Diagnostics, 2005, no. 3, pp. 95–121 (in Russian).
Kopytin A. I. Sistemnaya art-terapiya: teoreticheskoe obosnovanie, metodologiya primeneniya, lechebno-reabilitatsionnye i destigmatiziruyushchie effekty [Systems art therapy: theoretical basis, methodology of application, therapeutic, rehabilitation and destigmatising effects]. Diss. Dr. Sci. (Med.). St. Petersburg, 2010. 311 p.
Vygotskii L. S. Razvitie vysshikh psikhicheskikh funktsii [Development of higher mental functions]. Moscow, APN RSFSR Publ., 1960. 500 p.
El'kin V. M. Teatr tsveta i melodii Vashikh strastei. Tsvetovaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya shedevrami iskusstva. Garmonizatsiya tsvetovykh programm zhizni i Vashi tainye sposobnosti [Theatre of color and melodies of your passions: Color psychology and psychotherapy by means of art masterpieces: Harmonization of color programs of life and your secret abilities]. St. Petersburg, Petropolis Publ., 2005. 292 p.
Kopytin A. I., Platts Dzh. Rukovodstvo po fototerapii [A guide to phototherapy]. Moscow, Kogito-Tsentr Publ., 2009. 184 p.
Kopytin A. I., Kort B. Tekhniki telesno-orientirovannoi art-terapii [Techniques of body-oriented art therapy]. Moscow, Psikhoterapiya Publ., 2011. 128 p.
Kotova I. B., Groza I. V. Personal life resource as a psychological condition of a positive outlook. Prikladnaya psikhologiya i psikhoanaliz – Applied Psychology and Psychoanalysis, 2012, no. 2, p. 6 (in Russian).
Strizhitskaya O. Y., Davedyuk E. P. Self-determination structure in aging: From theory to practice. Proceedings of the 3rd Annual International Conference on Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology (CBP 2014). Singapore, 2014, pp. 56–59.
Melekhin A. I. Model of the mental: Trajectory of changes in elderly and senile age. Konsul'tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya – Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, 2016, V. 24, no. 1, pp. 24–43 (in Russian). DOI: 10.17759/cpp.2016240103
Shmidt V. V. Periodization of mental development in the methodology of psychological research. Psikhologiya zrelosti i stareniya – Psychology of Maturity and Aging, 2002, no. 1 (17), pp. 6–17 (in Russian).
Barulli D., Stern Y. Efficiency, capacity, compensation, maintenance, plasticity: emerging concepts in cognitive reserve. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2013, V. 17, Issue 10, pp. 502–509. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2013.08.012
Calasanti T. Combating ageism: How successful is successful aging? The Gerontologist, 2016, V. 56, Issue 6, pp. 1093–1101. DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnv076
Selivanov V. V. Myshlenie v lichnostnom razvitii sub"ekta [Thinking in personal development of the subject]. Smolensk, Universum Publ., 2003. 311 p.
Maddi S. R. The personality construct of hardiness: I. Effects on experiencing, coping, and strain. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 1999, V. 51 (2), pp. 83–94. DOI: 10.1037/1061-4087.51.2.83
Maddi S. R., Harvey R. H. Hardiness considered across cultures. In: Handbook of multicultural perspectives on stress and coping. N. Y, Springer, 2006, pp. 409–426.
Ball G. A. Psychological content of personal freedom: Essence and components. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal, 1997, V. 18, no. 5, pp. 7–19 (in Russian).
Emmons R. The psychology of ultimate concerns: Motivation and spirituality in personality. New York, Guilford Press, 1999 (Russ. ed.: Emmons R. Psikhologiya vysshikh ustremlenii. Motivatsiya i dukhovnost' lichnosti. Moscow, 2004. 416 p.).