Аннотация
Введение. Нарушение регуляции эмоций – характерный признак расстройств аутистического спектра (РАС). Целью обзорной статьи являются систематизация и анализ данных о специфике нарушений регуляции эмоций у детей и взрослых с расстройствами аутистического спектра (РАС) и их нейрофизиологических коррелятах.
Особенности регуляции эмоций при РАС. Описаны типичные проявления дисрегуляции эмоций для разновозрастных групп с РАС, связь продуктивных и непродуктивных механизмов регуляции с сопутствующими нарушениями, экстернальными и интернальными проблемами, ключевыми симптомами аутизма. Система регуляции эмоций при РАС демонстрирует замедленное онтогенетическое развитие.
Нейробиологические механизмы нарушений эмоциональной сферы и социальных взаимодействий при РАС. Данные о нейробиологических механизмах нарушений регуляции эмоций при РАС указывают на ряд структурных, функциональных и молекулярных особенностей в областях мозга, связанных с обработкой социальной информации, а также дисбаланс процессов возбуждения и торможения в целом, по всей видимости, ведущий к снижению стрессоустойчивости. Низкая стрессоустойчивость, которая ярко проявляется в отношении социальных стимулов, создает вторичное препятствие для формирования эффективных стратегий саморегуляции в результате усиления поведения избегания и сокращения социального опыта.
Нейробиологические механизмы нарушений регуляции эмоций при РАС. Отмечается единый нейрофизиологический базис нарушений обработки эмоциональных и социальных сигналов и нарушений эмоциональной регуляции при РАС.
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