Аннотация
Введение. Цветовая чувствительность (способность зрительной системы различать отдельные цвета и ощущать отличия в спектральном составе видимых излучений и окраске предметов) у людей с нормальным цветовым зрением (нормальных трихроматов) может существенно варьироваться в результате различных внешних воздействий. В статье впервые систематизируются и анализируются результаты аналогичных по методологии эмпирических исследований, в которых воздействие различных внешних факторов на вариативность цветовой чувствительности оценивалось с помощью теста Фарнсворта-Манселла.
Методы. В работе используется методология систематического обзора и метаанализа. Базу данных исследования составляют 65 работ, опубликованных в период с 1957 по 2024 годы. Источники отобраны в соответствии с рекомендациями PRISMA через наукометрические базы данных PubMed, Scopus и поисковые платформы Web of Science, Semantic Scholar. Включенные в анализ публикации содержат собранные на территории 23 стран мира данные о цветовом зрении 7663 человек в возрасте от 10 до 80 лет.
Результаты. Систематизация отобранных документов позволила выделить пять тематических кластеров внешних факторов, существенных для вариативности цветовой чувствительности: (1) экологические, включающие географическое положение и условия естественного освещения; (2) факторы, связанные с образом жизни человека и привычным пищевым рационом; (3) вредные привычки (курение, употребление алкоголя и наркотических веществ); (4) факторы, связанные с интеллектуальным и когнитивным развитием; (5) профессиональная деятельность и хобби.
Обсуждение результатов. Анализ собранных данных показал, что наиболее комплексный и системный характер имеет изучение воздействия на цветовую чувствительность условий труда и профессионального опыта работы с цветом, вредных привычек и когнитивных стилей. Вариативность цветовой чувствительности в большинстве подобных исследований описывается на основе сравнения показателей общей ошибки или частичных ошибок вдоль красно-зеленой и сине-желтой осей и интерпретируется согласно закону Кельнера.
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